An Experimental Study on Blade Surface De-Icing Characteristics for Wind Turbines in Rime Ice Condition by Electro-Thermal Heating
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- the de-icing process on the blade section with electro-thermal elements in rime ice conditions was characterized under different wind speed, input power, and ice thickness conditions;
- (b)
- the surface temperature during the de-icing process was obtained under different conditions;
- (c)
- the energy consumption changes were observed under the same degree of ice melting under different heat fluxes.
2. Experimental Method
2.1. Setup
2.2. Data Acquisition
2.3. Experimental Procedure
2.4. Uncertainty Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Ice-Melting Shapes under Different Conditions
3.2. Temperature and Total Energy Consumption during De-Icing
4. Conclusions
- When de-icing occurs during a short freezing time (1 min), the ice layer becomes thin, and runback water flows out;
- With an increase in freezing time (3–7 min), the melting ice induced by the dominant action of inertial force moves backward at a low wind speed (5 m/s) due to the reduction in adhesion between the ice and blade surface;
- As the wind speed increases (10–15 m/s), it exhibits various de-icing states, including refreezing to ice at the trailing edge and ice shedding;
- The total energy consumption of ice melting decreases as the heat flux increases and the ice melting time shortens. The reference de-icing heat fluxes of 5 m/s and 10 m/s are 10 kW/m2 and 12 kW/m2, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
LWC | Liquid Water Content, g/m3 |
MVD | Medium Volume Droplet Diameter, μm |
c | Chord length of airfoil, mm |
EA | Total energy consumption, kJ |
Hi | Maximum ice thickness, mm |
Ie | Current, A |
lmax | Flow distance of runback water, mm |
q | Heat flux of electro-thermal elements, kW/m2 |
tA | De-icing time, s |
Tc | Wind tunnel temperature, °C |
tδ | Time of ice accretion, min |
U | Wind speed, m/s |
Ue | Voltage, V |
xi | Abscissa of the intersection between the ice profile and the wing surface |
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Outer Layer Material | Heating Wires | Dimension | Rated Voltage | Rated Power |
---|---|---|---|---|
Polyimide | Metal alloy | 49 mm × 19 mm | 12 V | 20 W |
Wind Tunnel Temperature Tc/(°C) | LWC (g/m3) | MVD (μm) | Wind Speed U/(m/s) | Time of Ice Accretion tδ/(min) | Heat Flux q/(kW/m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−16 | 0.5–1.5 | 66 | 5 | 1 | 6/7/8/9/10/12/14 |
5 | 6/7/8/9/10/12/14 | ||||
7 | 6/7/8/9/10/12/14 | ||||
10 | 1 | 8/9/10/11/12/14/16 | |||
3 | 8/9/10/11/12/14/16 | ||||
5 | 8/9/10/11/12/14/16 | ||||
15 | 1 | 10/11/12/13/14/16/18 | |||
3 | 10/11/12/13/14/16/18 | ||||
5 | 10/11/12/13/14/16/18 |
Wind Speed U/(m/s) | Time of Ice Accretion tδ/(min) | Heat Flux q/(kW/m2) | De-Icing Pattern |
---|---|---|---|
5 | 1 | 6 | I |
7 | I | ||
8 | I | ||
9 | I | ||
10 | I | ||
12 | I | ||
14 | I | ||
3 | 6 | II | |
7 | II | ||
8 | II | ||
9 | II | ||
10 | II | ||
12 | II | ||
14 | II | ||
7 | 6 | II | |
7 | II | ||
8 | II | ||
9 | II | ||
10 | II | ||
12 | II | ||
14 | II | ||
10 | 1 | 8 | I |
9 | I | ||
10 | I | ||
11 | I | ||
12 | I | ||
14 | I | ||
16 | I | ||
3 | 8 | × | |
9 | I | ||
10 | II | ||
11 | IV | ||
12 | IV | ||
14 | IV | ||
16 | IV | ||
5 | 8 | × | |
9 | IV | ||
10 | IV | ||
11 | IV | ||
12 | IV | ||
14 | IV | ||
16 | IV | ||
15 | 1 | 10 | I |
11 | I | ||
12 | I | ||
13 | I | ||
14 | I | ||
16 | I | ||
18 | I | ||
3 | 10 | I | |
11 | I | ||
12 | I | ||
13 | IV | ||
14 | III | ||
16 | III | ||
18 | III | ||
5 | 10 | × | |
11 | × | ||
12 | × | ||
13 | IV | ||
14 | IV | ||
16 | IV | ||
18 | IV |
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Li, X.; Chi, H.; Li, Y.; Xu, Z.; Guo, W.; Feng, F. An Experimental Study on Blade Surface De-Icing Characteristics for Wind Turbines in Rime Ice Condition by Electro-Thermal Heating. Coatings 2024, 14, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010094
Li X, Chi H, Li Y, Xu Z, Guo W, Feng F. An Experimental Study on Blade Surface De-Icing Characteristics for Wind Turbines in Rime Ice Condition by Electro-Thermal Heating. Coatings. 2024; 14(1):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010094
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiaojuan, Haodong Chi, Yan Li, Zhi Xu, Wenfeng Guo, and Fang Feng. 2024. "An Experimental Study on Blade Surface De-Icing Characteristics for Wind Turbines in Rime Ice Condition by Electro-Thermal Heating" Coatings 14, no. 1: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010094
APA StyleLi, X., Chi, H., Li, Y., Xu, Z., Guo, W., & Feng, F. (2024). An Experimental Study on Blade Surface De-Icing Characteristics for Wind Turbines in Rime Ice Condition by Electro-Thermal Heating. Coatings, 14(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010094