Experimental Investigation on Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Polypropylene Fiber and Water-Borne Epoxy for Pavement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.3. Slump
2.4. Mechanical Strength
2.5. Shrinkage
2.6. Depth of Water Penetration
2.7. Abrasion Resistance
2.8. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Slump
3.2. Mechanical Strength
3.2.1. Compressive Strength
3.2.2. Flexural Strength
3.3. Shrinkage
3.4. Depth of Water Penetration
3.5. Abrasion Resistance
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The combined incorporation of PP fibers and WBE in concrete can maximize the advantages of the two materials. To be precise, the incorporation of PP fibers had a negative effect on the performance of the concrete due to the weak interfacial bonding between the PP fibers and the concrete, while WBE was found to be effective in improving this poor interfacial bonding owing to its filling effect densifying the microstructure, and its absorption of calcium ions to form a crosslinking structure of hydration products and epoxy polymers wrapping on the PP fibers to enhance their interfacial bonding with the concrete matrix.
- (2)
- The incorporation of PP fibers reduced the slump of concrete, while the use of WBE could improve the workability of PC due to the “ball bearing” effect of WBE. Moreover, the presence of FA further led to an increase in the slump owing to the “ball bearing” effect.
- (3)
- The compressive strength of PC was slightly lower when compared with that of NC due to the weak interfacial bonding between the PP fibers and the concrete, while EC showed an increase in compressive strength. With the combined incorporation of PP fibers and WBE, the compressive strength of PEC exhibited an improvement in comparison with the corresponding PC. PEC0.1/10 showed the highest compressive strength regardless of the curing age. The flexural strength of PEC0.1/10 was also the highest, and the increase in flexural strength was more obvious than that in compressive strength compared with PC, demonstrating the reinforcing effect of PP fibers was achieved.
- (4)
- Drying shrinkage of concrete could be restricted by the addition of PP fibers at an early stage, while at later stages the effective utilization of PP fibers to restrain shrinkage can be achieved by adding WBE. The addition of PP fibers could increase the permeability of concrete owing to increased porosity, while a reduction in depth of water penetration was found in EC mainly due to the filling and bonding effect of WBE to reduce the capillary pores in concrete. Combined use of PP fibers and WBE contributed to the reduction in abrasion. With regard to FA free concrete in this study, PEC0.1/10 exhibited the best durability.
- (5)
- After the replacement of 10% cement by FA, both the compressive strength and the flexural strength showed a slight decline due to the slow process of the pozzolanic reaction; moreover the abrasion also exhibited a slight increase. Despite this, the drying shrinkage resistance and impermeability were improved through the use of FA. Therefore, the use of FA in pavements should be properly treated according to the actual engineering condition, such as road grade, construction period limit, etc.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oxides | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | LOI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | 58.34 | 20.87 | 5.83 | 3.64 | 1.06 | 3.61 | 1.36 | 0.94 | 4.35 |
Fly ash | 4.39 | 62.46 | 22.16 | 5.28 | 1.26 | 0.14 | 0.68 | 1.15 | 2.48 |
Characteristic | Specification |
---|---|
Fiber length (mm) | 19 |
Fiber diameter (μm) | Around 50 |
Density (g/cm3) | 0.91 |
Tensile strength (MPa) | More than 486 |
Elastic modulus (GPa) | More than 4.8 |
Corrosion resistance to acid and alkali | Very strong |
Sorptivity | 0 |
Characteristic | WBE | Hardener |
---|---|---|
Exterior | Milky white | Light yellow |
Solid content (%) | 50 ± 3 | 50 ± 1 |
pH | 6–8 | 9.5–10.5 |
Viscosity (mPa·s) | 1218 | 6000 |
Epoxy equivalent (g/eq) | 192.3 | - |
Mixture Type | Cement | PP Fibers | Sand | Coarse Aggregate | FA | Water | WBE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Solid | Water | |||||||
NC (Control) | 400 | 0 | 690 | 1170 | 0 | 160 | - | - | - |
PC0.1 | 0.91 | ||||||||
PC0.2 | 1.82 | ||||||||
EC5 | 0 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||||
EC10 | 0 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 40 | ||||
PEC0.1/5 | 0.91 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||||
PEC0.1/10 | 0.91 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 40 | ||||
PEC0.2/5 | 1.82 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||||
PEC0.2/10 | 1.82 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 40 | ||||
NC-F | 360 | 0 | 40 | 160 | - | - | - | ||
PC0.1-F | 0.91 | ||||||||
PC0.2-F | 1.82 | ||||||||
EC5-F | 0 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||||
EC10-F | 0 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 40 | ||||
PEC0.1/5-F | 0.91 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||||
PEC0.1/10-F | 0.91 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 40 | ||||
PEC0.2/5-F | 1.82 | 140 | 40 | 20 | 20 | ||||
PEC0.2/10-F | 1.82 | 120 | 80 | 40 | 40 |
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Wang, L.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, B.; Wang, B.; Zhao, Q.; Sun, M. Experimental Investigation on Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Polypropylene Fiber and Water-Borne Epoxy for Pavement. Coatings 2023, 13, 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020452
Wang L, Zhang H, Zhao B, Wang B, Zhao Q, Sun M. Experimental Investigation on Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Polypropylene Fiber and Water-Borne Epoxy for Pavement. Coatings. 2023; 13(2):452. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020452
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Li, Hongliang Zhang, Bendong Zhao, Biao Wang, Quanman Zhao, and Min Sun. 2023. "Experimental Investigation on Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Polypropylene Fiber and Water-Borne Epoxy for Pavement" Coatings 13, no. 2: 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020452
APA StyleWang, L., Zhang, H., Zhao, B., Wang, B., Zhao, Q., & Sun, M. (2023). Experimental Investigation on Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Polypropylene Fiber and Water-Borne Epoxy for Pavement. Coatings, 13(2), 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020452