Investigation of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Hardness of Ti-6Al-4V after Plasma Nitriding Process with Different Times and Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Preparation
2.2. Plasma Nitriding
2.3. Surface Observation and Roughness
2.4. Phase Identification
2.5. Microstructure Analysis
2.6. Residual Stress Analysis
2.7. Hardness Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Observation and Roughness
3.2. Phase Identification
3.3. Microstructure Analysis
3.4. Residual Stress Analysis
3.5. Hardness Analysis
4. Conclusions
- The plasma nitriding was able to generate residual compressive stress and increase hardness due to the diffusion of nitrogen into the material structure, including a changing surface morphology and roughness by creating a compound layer containing TiN and Ti2N on the surface.
- The higher processing time and temperature of plasma nitriding would generate a bigger size of TiN and Ti2N, resulting in a higher roughness and thickness in the compound layer, which would affect an increase in higher surface hardness. Moreover, a higher time and temperature would generate deeper residual compressive stress depth and case depth hardness than the lower conditions due to the deeper diffusion of nitrogen. However, the maximum residual compressive stress would decrease corresponding to the increasing treatment time and temperature due to a release of residual stress.
- The depths of the case depth hardness and residual compressive stress generated by plasma nitriding in different conditions corresponded to the depth from the surface to the end of the diffusion layer, which was confirmed by the effect of nitrogen diffusion on increasing strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ti | Al | V | Fe | C | N | O | H | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Remainder | 6.11 | 4.05 | 0.165 | 0.009 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.001 | <0.1 |
Code Name | Temperature °C | Time |
---|---|---|
Untreated | - | - |
N750 5 | 750 °C | 5 h |
N750 10 | 750 °C | 10 h |
N800 5 | 800 °C | 5 h |
Code Name | Diffusion Layer Depth from Surface | Compound Layer Thickness | α-Case Thickness |
---|---|---|---|
N750 5 | 78.3 μm | 2.58 μm | - |
N750 10 | 116.5 μm | 3.15 μm | 2.40 μm |
N800 5 | 98.6 μm | 4.06 μm | 5.31 μm |
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Ongtrakulkij, G.; Kajornchaiyakul, J.; Kondoh, K.; Khantachawana, A. Investigation of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Hardness of Ti-6Al-4V after Plasma Nitriding Process with Different Times and Temperatures. Coatings 2022, 12, 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121932
Ongtrakulkij G, Kajornchaiyakul J, Kondoh K, Khantachawana A. Investigation of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Hardness of Ti-6Al-4V after Plasma Nitriding Process with Different Times and Temperatures. Coatings. 2022; 12(12):1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121932
Chicago/Turabian StyleOngtrakulkij, Goratouch, Julathep Kajornchaiyakul, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, and Anak Khantachawana. 2022. "Investigation of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Hardness of Ti-6Al-4V after Plasma Nitriding Process with Different Times and Temperatures" Coatings 12, no. 12: 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121932