Helicobacter pylori Infections in Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology
3. Risk Factors Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children
4. Pathogenesis, Natural History, and Clinical Outcome of the Infection
4.1. Natural History
4.2. Pathogenesis and Differences in Immune Response in Children and Adults
4.3. Clinical Outcome
5. Clinical Manifestations in Children
6. Diagnosis
7. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
8. Antibiotic Resistance
9. Treatment
10. Rescue Treatment
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author, Year | Region | Period | N | AMO (%) | CLA (%) | LEV (%) | MET (%) | TET (%) | RIF (%) | CLA-MET (%) | CLA-LEV (%) | CLA-MET-LEV (%) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miendje Deyi et al., 2023 | Belgium | January–December 2021 | 72 | 0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 43.1 | 0 | - | 8.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | *1 |
Le Thi et al., 2022 | Europe | 2017–2020 | 651 | 1 | 25 | 5.4 | 17.7 | 8.5 | 3.8 | ||||
Geng et al., 2022 | China (Chongqing) | March–July 2020 | 112 | 0 | 47.3 | 18.8 | 88.4 | 0 | - | 30.4 | 1.8 | 10.7 | |
Shu et al., 2022 | China (Southeast) | March 2015–December 2020 | 1638 | 0 | 32.8 | 22.8 | 81.7 | 0 | - | 16.4 | 1.8 | 9% | *2 |
Helmbold et al., 2022 | Germany | October 2015–July 2019 | 51 | 20 | 45 | 31 | 59 | 12 | 22 | 22.4 | - | - | |
Su et al., 2022 | Taiwan | January 2009–August 2019 | 70 | 2 | 23.1 | 8.2 | 20 | - | - | - | - | ||
Li et al., 2021 | China (Southwest) | 2019 | 53 | 0 | 45.3 | 15.1 | 73.6 | 0 | 60.4 | 28.3 (including CLA-MET RIF) | - | 9.4 (+Rif) | *3 |
Van Thieu et al., 2021 | Vietnam | November 2019–June 2020 | 76 | 50 | 92.1 | 31.6 | 14.5 | 0 | - | 13.2 | *4 | ||
Krzyzek et al., 2020 | Poland | 2016–2018 | 22 | 0 | 54.5 | 9.1 | 31.8 | 4.5 | - | 27.3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | *5 |
Guven et al., 2019 | Turkey | December 2016–April 2018 | 93 | - | 27 | 15 | - | - | - | *6 |
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Nguyen, J.; Kotilea, K.; Bontems, P.; Miendje Deyi, V.Y. Helicobacter pylori Infections in Children. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091440
Nguyen J, Kotilea K, Bontems P, Miendje Deyi VY. Helicobacter pylori Infections in Children. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(9):1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091440
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Julie, Kallirroi Kotilea, Patrick Bontems, and Veronique Yvette Miendje Deyi. 2023. "Helicobacter pylori Infections in Children" Antibiotics 12, no. 9: 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091440