Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sandwich Immunoassay Format
3. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering as Readout Strategy—Mechanism and Advantage
4. SERS-Based Immunoassay Sensors
5. Capture Substrate
6. SERS Nanotags
7. Raman Reporter Molecules (RRM)
8. Protection Strategies
9. Multiplexing with SERS Immunoassay
- (1)
- The availability of reliable detection platforms with high sensitivity.
- (2)
- The narrow width of the characteristic Raman bands observed in a spectrum for individual RRM.
- (3)
- Single laser wavelength allows for concurrent excitation of many different Raman active reporter molecules.
10. Multiplex Detection in Vivo
11. Concluding Remarks
Financial Support
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biological Antigen | Limit of Detection (LOD) | Reference |
---|---|---|
Alzheimer’s Tau Protein | <25 fM | [41] |
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) | 1 pg/mL (~30 fM) | [13,28] |
Immunoglobulin (IgG) antigens | 300 pg/mL | [12,29,30,31] |
Metanephrine | <10 µM | [42] |
Mucin 4 (MUC4) | 33 ng/mL | [38,40] |
Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) | 1000 MAP/mL | [35] |
Hepatitis B virus | 0.5 µg/mL | [34] |
Feline calicivirus (FCV) | 106 FCV/mL | [32] |
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 10 pg/mL | [43] |
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Smolsky, J.; Kaur, S.; Hayashi, C.; Batra, S.K.; Krasnoslobodtsev, A.V. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers. Biosensors 2017, 7, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios7010007
Smolsky J, Kaur S, Hayashi C, Batra SK, Krasnoslobodtsev AV. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers. Biosensors. 2017; 7(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios7010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmolsky, Joseph, Sukhwinder Kaur, Chihiro Hayashi, Surinder K. Batra, and Alexey V. Krasnoslobodtsev. 2017. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers" Biosensors 7, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios7010007