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Biosensors
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/bios15080539
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Numerical Study of a Novel Kagome-Inspired Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Blood Components and Analytical Targets

by
Ayushman Ramola
1,
Amit Kumar Shakya
1,*,
Ali Droby
2 and
Arik Bergman
1
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
2
Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080539
Submission received: 4 July 2025 / Revised: 10 August 2025 / Accepted: 11 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensors and Their Applications)
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Abstract

This numerical study introduces a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor utilizing a kagome lattice-inspired hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for the highly sensitive detection of various blood biomarkers and analytical components. The sensor is designed to detect key blood biomarkers such as water, glucose, plasma, and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as analytical targets including krypton, sylgard, ethanol, polyacrylamide (PA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), by monitoring shifts in the resonance wavelength (RW). A dual-polarization approach is employed by analyzing both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes. The proposed sensor demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving maximum wavelength sensitivities (Sw) of 18,900 nm RIU−1 for TM pol. and 16,800 nm RIU−1 for TE pol. Corresponding peak amplitude sensitivities (SA) of 71,224 RIU−1 for TM pol. and 58,112 RIU−1 for TE pol. were also observed. The peak sensor resolution (SR) for both modes is on the order of 10−⁶ RIU, underscoring its high precision. Owing to its enhanced sensitivity, compact design, and robust dual-polarization capability, the proposed biosensor holds strong promise for point-of-care diagnostics and real-time blood component analysis.
Keywords: surface plasmon resonance; photonic crystal fiber; kagome lattice; hollow core; blood biomarkers; analytical targets surface plasmon resonance; photonic crystal fiber; kagome lattice; hollow core; blood biomarkers; analytical targets
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ramola, A.; Shakya, A.K.; Droby, A.; Bergman, A. Numerical Study of a Novel Kagome-Inspired Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Blood Components and Analytical Targets. Biosensors 2025, 15, 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080539

AMA Style

Ramola A, Shakya AK, Droby A, Bergman A. Numerical Study of a Novel Kagome-Inspired Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Blood Components and Analytical Targets. Biosensors. 2025; 15(8):539. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080539

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramola, Ayushman, Amit Kumar Shakya, Ali Droby, and Arik Bergman. 2025. "Numerical Study of a Novel Kagome-Inspired Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Blood Components and Analytical Targets" Biosensors 15, no. 8: 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080539

APA Style

Ramola, A., Shakya, A. K., Droby, A., & Bergman, A. (2025). Numerical Study of a Novel Kagome-Inspired Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Blood Components and Analytical Targets. Biosensors, 15(8), 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080539

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