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Biosensors
Volume 15
Issue 5
10.3390/bios15050281
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optical–Electronic Skin Based on Tea Polyphenol for Dual Signal Wearable Sensing

by
Jia-Li Xu
1,†,
Guangyao Zhao
2,†,
Jiachen Wang
2,
An Tang
1,
Jun-Tao Liu
1,
Zhijie Zhu
3,
Qiang Zhang
2,4,* and
Yu Tian
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
3
Jiangsu Advanced Textile Engineering Technology Center, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226007, China
4
Institute of Digital Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biosensors 2025, 15(5), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050281 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 March 2025 / Revised: 26 April 2025 / Accepted: 28 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Bioelectronics for Healthcare Monitoring and Disease Diagnosis)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The rapid development of smart electronic skin has led researchers to design a variety of flexible and stretchable devices that can be used to monitor physiological and environmental signals. In this work, we successfully demonstrate a color-adjustable and conductive wearable optical–electronic skin (OE-skin) based on photonic crystal hydrogel that is capable of delivering both optical and electrical signal responses synchronously. The OE-skin is fabricated by incorporating a structural colored layer, composed of periodically aligned magnetic nanoparticles, into a polyacrylamide hydrogel matrix that contains tea polyphenols and borax. The dynamic boronate ester bonds formed between borax and the catechol groups of tea polyphenols are able to enhance the mechanical properties of the OE-skin, while also conferring excellent electrical conductivity, high sensitivity, and a rapid electrical response. Additionally, the tea polyphenols, which are natural active compounds derived from tea, possess diverse bioactive properties, thereby endowing the OE-skin with excellent antibacterial and biocompatibility characteristics. In addition, the developed electronic skin successfully demonstrates its capability in synergistic electronic and optical sensing during human motion monitoring, indicating broad application prospects in the field of smart wearable sensors.
Keywords: optical–electronic skin; structural color; dual-signal output; dynamic boronate ester bonds optical–electronic skin; structural color; dual-signal output; dynamic boronate ester bonds

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, J.-L.; Zhao, G.; Wang, J.; Tang, A.; Liu, J.-T.; Zhu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Tian, Y. Optical–Electronic Skin Based on Tea Polyphenol for Dual Signal Wearable Sensing. Biosensors 2025, 15, 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050281

AMA Style

Xu J-L, Zhao G, Wang J, Tang A, Liu J-T, Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Tian Y. Optical–Electronic Skin Based on Tea Polyphenol for Dual Signal Wearable Sensing. Biosensors. 2025; 15(5):281. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050281

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Jia-Li, Guangyao Zhao, Jiachen Wang, An Tang, Jun-Tao Liu, Zhijie Zhu, Qiang Zhang, and Yu Tian. 2025. "Optical–Electronic Skin Based on Tea Polyphenol for Dual Signal Wearable Sensing" Biosensors 15, no. 5: 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050281

APA Style

Xu, J.-L., Zhao, G., Wang, J., Tang, A., Liu, J.-T., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Q., & Tian, Y. (2025). Optical–Electronic Skin Based on Tea Polyphenol for Dual Signal Wearable Sensing. Biosensors, 15(5), 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050281

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