Self-Assembly of Small Organic Molecules into Luminophores for Cancer Theranostic Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Self-Assembly of Small Organic Molecules in Theranostics
3. Peptide-Based Assembly for Theranostic Applications
Name | Target | Theranostic Type | IC50 (Cell Line) | In Vitro or In Vivo | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G7CCERGDS | Cancer cell | PDT | - | In vivo | [45] |
antiCD3-G7-RGD | T cell and Cancer cell | Immunotherapy | - | In vitro | [46] |
DBT-2FFGYSA | Cancer cell | Imaging and immunotherapy | 38.3 μM (PC-3) | In vivo | [47] |
NBD-FFYK-TPP | Mitochondria | Imaging and mitochondrial dysfunction | 200 μM (HeLa, HepG2, T98G, MCF7) | In vitro | [49] |
Mito-FF(ff)-pyrene | Mitochondria | Mitochondrial dysfunction | 4–10 μM (HeLa) | In vitro | [50,51] |
PEAK-DMA | Cancer cell | PDT | - | In vivo | [58] |
TPP-RRRKLVFFK-Ce6 | Mitochondria | PDT | - | In vivo | [60] |
LXY30-KLVFFK(Pa) | Cell membrane | PTT and PDT | - | In vivo | [61] |
Ce6-DEVD-MMAE | Tumor tissues | Light-induced apoptosis | 9–10 nM | In vivo | [63] |
VPF-FRRG-DOX | Cancer cell | Chemotherapy and PDT | 0.54 μM | In vivo | [64] |
Sec(Dod)2KGPLGVRGRGD | Tumor | Chemoimmunotherapy | 0.51 μM (MDA-MB-231) | In vivo | [65] |
4. Amphiphile Molecule-Based Assembly for Theranostic Applications
Name | Target | Theranostic Type | IC50 (Cell Line) | In Vitro or In Vivo | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lips(PTQ/GA/AIPH) | Cancer cell | Imaging and PTT, PTDT | - | In vivo | [73] |
GNPs@MRM/HAL | Tumor | Imaging and PDT | - | In vivo | [74] |
IR780@Pt NPs | Mitochondria | Chemophototherapy | 1.2–2.3 μM (143B) | In vivo | [75] |
Lac-DOX NPs | Tumor | Chemotherapy | - | In vivo | [78] |
PGCA@PA NPs | Cancer cell | PDT and Immunotherapy | - | In vivo | [79] |
M(Pt)/V(Pt) | Cancer cell | Imaging and photoactivatable therapy | 20.1 μM (HepG2) 55.9 μM (HeLa) 62.5 μM (A549) | In vivo | [80] |
Ir-Cb ADDC NPs | Tumor | Chemotherapy | 13–15 μM | In vivo | [81] |
[Ir(ppy-R)2Cl]2 | Tumor | Imaging and PDT | 1.2–1.3 μM (HepG2 and MCF-7) | In vivo | [82] |
PTX-DTM-DBCO-chemogene | Tumor | chemo/gene therapy | >10 μM (HeLa) | In vivo | [84] |
IID-ThTPA NPs | - | PTT and PDT | - | In vivo | [87] |
TPA-BBT | - | PTT | - | In vivo | [88] |
FA-PEG-PBLA | Cancer cell | PTT and PDT | - | In vivo | [89] |
IrDAD-NPs | Tumor | PDT and PTT | 7.1–14.4 μM (A549) | In vivo | [93] |
5. AIEgen-Based Assembly for Theranostic Applications
Name | Target | Theranostic Type | IC50 (Cell Line) | In Vitro or In Vivo | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIE-mito-TPP | Mitochondria | Imaging and PDT | - | In vitro | [98] |
DP-PPh3, TPE-PPh3 | Mitochondria | PDT | 1.25 μM 3.60 μM (A549R) | In vivo | [101] |
TACQ | Mitochondria | Imaging and PDT/PTT | - | In vivo | [102] |
4TPA-BQ | Bacteria and cancer cells | PDT | - | In vivo | [105] |
TNZPy, MTNZPy | Mitochondria and lysosomes | PDT | - | In vivo | [106] |
TTT-1,2,3,4 | - | Imaging and PDT/PTT | - | In vivo | [108] |
TFPy, TFVP, TPE-TFPy | Mitochondria, cell membrane, and lysosomes | PDT | 1.40 μM (4T1) 2.72 μM (HeLa) | In vitro | [111] |
TPE-PyT-CPS | Golgi apparatus | PDT | 170 nM (HeLa) | In vitro | [112] |
6. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, J.; Wang, X.; Yang, K.; Hu, S.; Wang, W. Self-Assembly of Small Organic Molecules into Luminophores for Cancer Theranostic Applications. Biosensors 2022, 12, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12090683
Wang J, Wang X, Yang K, Hu S, Wang W. Self-Assembly of Small Organic Molecules into Luminophores for Cancer Theranostic Applications. Biosensors. 2022; 12(9):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12090683
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jing, Xueliang Wang, Kai Yang, Sijun Hu, and Wanhe Wang. 2022. "Self-Assembly of Small Organic Molecules into Luminophores for Cancer Theranostic Applications" Biosensors 12, no. 9: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12090683