Easily Synthesized Polyaniline@Cellulose Nanowhiskers Better Tune Network Structures in Ag-Based Adhesives: Examining the Improvements in Conductivity, Stability, and Flexibility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Cellulose Nanowhiskers (CNs)
2.3. Synthesis of PANI@CNs Nanowhiskers and PANI
2.4. Preparation of ECAs
2.5. Characterization and Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Preparation of ECAs
3.2. Solution Property and Morphology of CNs
3.3. Chemical Structure Characterization
3.4. The Conductivity and Solution Dispersion of PANI and PANI@CNs
3.5. Bulk Resistivity and the Conducting Mechanism of the ECAs
3.6. The Conductivity of PC-ECAs under Mechanical Deformation
3.7. Demonstration of the in Flexible Electronics Applications of the PC-ECAs
3.8. Comparison of the Electrical Performances of the PC-ECAs and the Literature ECAs
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Code | TPU Resin (wt%) | Ag (wt%) | PANI@CNs (wt%) | PANI (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC-1 | 43.5 | 55 | 1.5 | 0 |
PC-2 | 33.5 | 65 | 1.5 | 0 |
PC-3 | 44.5 | 55 | 0.5 | 0 |
PC-4 | 44 | 55 | 1 | 0 |
PC-5 | 43 | 55 | 2 | 0 |
PU-1 | 45 | 55 | 0 | 0 |
PU-2 | 35 | 65 | 0 | 0 |
P-1 | 44.5 | 55 | 0 | 0.5 |
P-2 | 44 | 55 | 0 | 1 |
P-3 | 43.5 | 55 | 0 | 1.5 |
P-4 | 43 | 55 | 0 | 2 |
Content | Curing Temperature (°C) | Electrical Resistivity (10−5 Ω·cm) | |
---|---|---|---|
This work | 55 wt% Ag flakes, 1.5 wt% PANI@CNs, 43.5 wt% TPU | 25 | 3.16 |
Li et al. [4] | 80 wt% Ag flakes, 20 wt% PU | 180 | 1 |
Fu et al. [13] | 30.0 wt% Ag flakes, 2.5 wt%Ag naonparticles 7.5% Ag nanowires, 60 wt% epoxy | 150 | 19.6 |
Yao et al. [8] | 70 wt % KI treated Ag, 30 wt% epoxy resin | 150 | 10.8 |
Yao et al. [10] | 50 wt %Ag, 4.5 wt% CNTs, 55.5 wt% PU | 120 | 270.27 |
Amoli et al. [44] | 80 wt% Ag flakes, 1.5 wt% SDS-stabilized graphene nanosheets, 18.5 wt% epoxy resin | 150 | 1.6 |
Zhang et al. [45] | 80 wt% of 4:6 molar ratio of Ag nanoparticles and Ag flakes, 20 wt% epoxy resin | 230 | 0.6 |
Zhang et al. [14] | 75 wt% of 2:3 Ag nanowires and Ag flakes, 25 wt% epoxy resin | 300 | 0.58 |
Wen et al. [24] | 70 wt% Ag flakes, 2.5 wt% polypyrrole nanoparticles, 27.5 wt% epoxy resin | 160 | 9.4 |
Wen et al. [46] | 65 wt% Ag flakes, 0.5 wt% PANI particles, 34.5 wt% PU | 25 | 14.5 |
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Cao, G.; Gao, X.; Wang, L.; Cui, H.; Lu, J.; Meng, Y.; Xue, W.; Cheng, C.; Tian, Y.; Tian, Y. Easily Synthesized Polyaniline@Cellulose Nanowhiskers Better Tune Network Structures in Ag-Based Adhesives: Examining the Improvements in Conductivity, Stability, and Flexibility. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111542
Cao G, Gao X, Wang L, Cui H, Lu J, Meng Y, Xue W, Cheng C, Tian Y, Tian Y. Easily Synthesized Polyaniline@Cellulose Nanowhiskers Better Tune Network Structures in Ag-Based Adhesives: Examining the Improvements in Conductivity, Stability, and Flexibility. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(11):1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111542
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Ge, Xiaolan Gao, Linlin Wang, Huahua Cui, Junyi Lu, Yuan Meng, Wei Xue, Chun Cheng, Yanhong Tian, and Yanqing Tian. 2019. "Easily Synthesized Polyaniline@Cellulose Nanowhiskers Better Tune Network Structures in Ag-Based Adhesives: Examining the Improvements in Conductivity, Stability, and Flexibility" Nanomaterials 9, no. 11: 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111542