Al2O3 Nanoparticle Addition to Commercial Magnesium Alloys: Multiple Beneficial Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of Monolithic AZ31, ZK60A and Derived Nanocomposites
2.2. Microstructural Characteristics
Material | Al2O3 (vol.%) | Grain characteristics a | Microhardness (HV) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Size (μm) | Aspect ratio | |||
AZ31 | – | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 1.4 | 64 ± 4 |
AZ31/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | 1.50 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 1.6 | 83 ± 5 (+30) b |
ZK60A | – | 11.1 ± 3.0 | 1.5 | 117 ± 6 |
ZK60A/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | 1.50 | 10.7 ± 2.5 | 1.3 | 135 ± 8 (+15) |
k space (nm−1) | d (Å) | Phase | Plane | Reference d (Å) | JCPDS card # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 nanocomposite | |||||
34.80 | 1.806 | Al12Mg17 | (5 3 0) | 1.810 | 011128 |
39.10 | 1.607 | Al2O3 | (1 1 6) | 1.602 | 431484 |
39.39 | 1.595 | Mg | (1 1 0) | 1.605 | 350821 |
39.59 | 1.587 | Al12Mg17 | (6 2 2) | 1.600 | 011128 |
42.48 | 1.479 | Mg | (1 0 3) | 1.473 | 350821 |
49.70 | 1.264 | Al12Mg17 | (6 6 0) | 1.250 | 011128 |
64.69 | 0.971 | MgO | (3 3 1) | 0.966 | 450946 |
65.66 | 0.957 | Mg | (2 0 4) | 0.951 | 350821 |
ZK60A/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 nanocomposite | |||||
37.37 | 1.682 | MgZn2 | (2 1 1) | 1.677 | 340457 |
39.39 | 1.595 | Mg | (1 1 0) | 1.605 | 350821 |
40.55 | 1.549 | Al2O3 | (2 1 3) | 1.553 | 260031 |
64.69 | 0.971 | MgO | (3 3 1) | 0.966 | 450946 |
65.66 | 0.957 | Mg | (2 0 4) | 0.951 | 350821 |
67.60 | 0.930 | MgZn2 | (4 1 3) | 0.932 | 340457 |
71.16 | 0.883 | Mg | (3 0 2) | 0.873 | 350821 |
Al2O3 nanoparticle reinforcement | |||||
36.00 | 1.745 | Al2O3 | (0 2 4) | 1.740 | 431484 |
40.55 | 1.549 | Al2O3 | (2 1 3) | 1.553 | 260031 |
49.30 | 1.275 | Al2O3 | (2 0 8) | 1.276 | 431484 |
69.30 | 0.907 | Al2O3 | (3 2 4) | 0.908 | 431484 |
Material | Section a | Plane | Average I/Imaxb |
---|---|---|---|
AZ31 | T | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 1.00 |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.16 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 0.81 | ||
L | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 0.27 | |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.93 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 1.00 | ||
AZ31/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | T | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 1.00 |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.18 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 0.72 | ||
L | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 0.23 | |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.64 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 1.00 | ||
ZK60A | T | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 0.12 |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.25 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 1.00 | ||
L | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 0.24 | |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.77 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 1.00 | ||
ZK60A/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | T | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 0.26 |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.12 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 1.00 | ||
L | 1 0 −1 0 prism | 0.30 | |
0 0 0 2 basal | 0.48 | ||
1 0 −1 1 pyramidal | 1.00 |
2.3. Hardness
2.4. Tensile Behavior
Material | 0.2% TYS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Failure Strain (%) | WOF (MJ/m3) a |
---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31 | 172 ± 15 | 263 ± 12 | 10.4 ± 3.9 | 26 ± 9 |
AZ31/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | 204 ± 8 (+19) b | 317 ± 5 (+21) | 22.2 ± 2.4 (+113) | 68 ± 7 (+162) |
ZK60A | 182 ± 4 | 271 ± 1 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 17 ± 3 |
ZK60A/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | 175 ± 2 (−4) | 305 ± 2 (+13) | 18.1 ± 0.9 (+170) | 51 ± 3 (+200) |
2.5. Compressive Behavior
Material | 0.2% CYS (MPa) | UCS (MPa) | Failure Strain (%) | Work of Fracture, WOF (MJ/m3) a |
---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31 | 93 ± 9 | 486 ± 4 | 19.7 ± 7.2 | 76 ± 14 |
AZ31/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | 98 ± 2 (+5)b | 509 ± 12 (+5) | 19.0 ± 2.7 (−4) | 84 ± 15 (+11) |
ZK60A | 93 ± 8 | 498 ± 16 | 23.2 ± 4.6 | 89 ± 12 |
ZK60A/1.5 vol.% Al2O3 | 84 ± 7 (−10) | 532 ± 13 (+7) | 26.7 ± 0.3 (+15) | 112 ± 3 (+26) |
2.6. Tensile/Compressive Yield Strength Anisotropy
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Processing
3.3. Microstructural Characterization
3.4. Hardness
3.5. Tensile Testing
3.6. Compressive Testing
4. Conclusions
4.1. AZ31/Al2O3 Nanocomposite
4.2. ZK60A/Al2O3 Nanocomposite
Acknowledgments
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Paramsothy, M.; Chan, J.; Kwok, R.; Gupta, M. Al2O3 Nanoparticle Addition to Commercial Magnesium Alloys: Multiple Beneficial Effects. Nanomaterials 2012, 2, 147-162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano2020147
Paramsothy M, Chan J, Kwok R, Gupta M. Al2O3 Nanoparticle Addition to Commercial Magnesium Alloys: Multiple Beneficial Effects. Nanomaterials. 2012; 2(2):147-162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano2020147
Chicago/Turabian StyleParamsothy, Muralidharan, Jimmy Chan, Richard Kwok, and Manoj Gupta. 2012. "Al2O3 Nanoparticle Addition to Commercial Magnesium Alloys: Multiple Beneficial Effects" Nanomaterials 2, no. 2: 147-162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano2020147