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Nanomaterials
Volume 15
Issue 23
10.3390/nano15231782
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Recent Advances in the Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanoporous Materials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

by
Zhangyi Li
1,
Lin Yang
1,
Yingqi Chen
1,
Wence Xu
1,2,
Zhonghui Gao
1,2,
Jiamin Zhu
1,2,
Yanqin Liang
1,2,3,
Hui Jiang
1,2,3,
Zhaoyang Li
1,2,3,
Zhenduo Cui
1,2,3,
Hao Wang
4,* and
Shengli Zhu
1,2,3,*
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
3
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300350, China
4
Co-creation Institute for Advanced Materials, Shimane University, Shimane 6908504, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(23), 1782; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231782 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 October 2025 / Revised: 7 November 2025 / Accepted: 24 November 2025 / Published: 26 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is a crucial technology in achieving carbon neutrality. The development of efficient and stable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is a core challenge in this field. This review systematically summarizes the latest research advancements in nanoporous transition metal-based catalysts, covering metal alloys and compounds. Through strategies such as compositional optimization, crystal structure modulation, interface engineering, and nanoporous structure design, these non-precious metal catalysts exhibit outstanding performance comparable to commercial platinum-carbon catalysts across a wide pH range. This paper thoroughly discusses the catalytic mechanisms of different material systems, including electronic structure regulation, active site exposure, and mass transport optimization. Finally, the challenges faced in current research are summarized, and future directions are projected, including scalable fabrication processes and performance validation in real electrolysis cell environments. This review provides significant insights into designing next-generation efficient and stable non-precious metal electrocatalysts.
Keywords: nanoporous materials; transition metal compounds; electrocatalysis; hydrogen evolution reaction; catalyst design nanoporous materials; transition metal compounds; electrocatalysis; hydrogen evolution reaction; catalyst design

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Yang, L.; Chen, Y.; Xu, W.; Gao, Z.; Zhu, J.; Liang, Y.; Jiang, H.; Li, Z.; Cui, Z.; et al. Recent Advances in the Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanoporous Materials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231782

AMA Style

Li Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Xu W, Gao Z, Zhu J, Liang Y, Jiang H, Li Z, Cui Z, et al. Recent Advances in the Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanoporous Materials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Nanomaterials. 2025; 15(23):1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231782

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zhangyi, Lin Yang, Yingqi Chen, Wence Xu, Zhonghui Gao, Jiamin Zhu, Yanqin Liang, Hui Jiang, Zhaoyang Li, Zhenduo Cui, and et al. 2025. "Recent Advances in the Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanoporous Materials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction" Nanomaterials 15, no. 23: 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231782

APA Style

Li, Z., Yang, L., Chen, Y., Xu, W., Gao, Z., Zhu, J., Liang, Y., Jiang, H., Li, Z., Cui, Z., Wang, H., & Zhu, S. (2025). Recent Advances in the Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanoporous Materials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Nanomaterials, 15(23), 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231782

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