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Article

Synthesis-Dependent Magnetic Modifications in Starch-Coated CoFe2O4 Monodomain Nanoparticles: Structural, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Study

by
Zorica Ž. Lazarević
1,*,
Valentin N. Ivanovski
2,
Aleksandra Milutinović
1,
Marija Šuljagić
3,
Ana Umićević
2,
Jelena Belošević-Čavor
2 and
Ljubica Andjelković
3,*
1
Institute of Physics—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 68, Pregrevica 118, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Department of Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(19), 1504; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191504
Submission received: 2 September 2025 / Revised: 28 September 2025 / Accepted: 29 September 2025 / Published: 1 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications)
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Abstract

This study investigates the structural and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by five different synthesis methods: coprecipitation, ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation, coprecipitation coupled with mechanochemical treatment, microemulsion and microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The produced powders were additionally functionalized with starch to improve biocompatibility and colloidal stability. The starch-coating procedure itself by sonication in starch solution, as well as its result, affects the structural and magnetic properties of functionalized nanoparticles. The resulting changes of properties in the process of ligand addition depend significantly on the starting nanoparticles, or rather, on the method of their synthesis. The structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of the resulting materials were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Taken together, XRD, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy show that starch deposition reduces structural disorder and internal stress, resulting in nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution. These changes, in turn, affect all magnetic properties—magnetization, coercivity and magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic responses are preserved what is desirable for future biomedical applications. This work emphasizes the importance of surface modification for tailoring the properties of magnetic nanoparticles while maintaining their desired functionality.
Keywords: CoFe2O4; starch functionalization; Raman spectroscopy; Mössbauer spectroscopy CoFe2O4; starch functionalization; Raman spectroscopy; Mössbauer spectroscopy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lazarević, Z.Ž.; Ivanovski, V.N.; Milutinović, A.; Šuljagić, M.; Umićević, A.; Belošević-Čavor, J.; Andjelković, L. Synthesis-Dependent Magnetic Modifications in Starch-Coated CoFe2O4 Monodomain Nanoparticles: Structural, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Study. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191504

AMA Style

Lazarević ZŽ, Ivanovski VN, Milutinović A, Šuljagić M, Umićević A, Belošević-Čavor J, Andjelković L. Synthesis-Dependent Magnetic Modifications in Starch-Coated CoFe2O4 Monodomain Nanoparticles: Structural, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Study. Nanomaterials. 2025; 15(19):1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191504

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lazarević, Zorica Ž., Valentin N. Ivanovski, Aleksandra Milutinović, Marija Šuljagić, Ana Umićević, Jelena Belošević-Čavor, and Ljubica Andjelković. 2025. "Synthesis-Dependent Magnetic Modifications in Starch-Coated CoFe2O4 Monodomain Nanoparticles: Structural, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Study" Nanomaterials 15, no. 19: 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191504

APA Style

Lazarević, Z. Ž., Ivanovski, V. N., Milutinović, A., Šuljagić, M., Umićević, A., Belošević-Čavor, J., & Andjelković, L. (2025). Synthesis-Dependent Magnetic Modifications in Starch-Coated CoFe2O4 Monodomain Nanoparticles: Structural, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Study. Nanomaterials, 15(19), 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15191504

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