Recent Progress of 2D Layered Materials in Water-in-Salt/Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Types of Supercapacitors
2.1. Supercapacitors with EDLC Behavior
2.2. Pseudocapacitance-Based Supercapacitors
2.3. Hybrid Supercapacitors
3. Unconventional Aqueous Electrolytes
3.1. Water-in-Salt Electrolytes
3.2. Deep Eutectic Solvents Electrolytes
4. Supercapacitor Performance of Two-Dimensional (2D) Electrode Material in Novel Aqueous Electrolytes
4.1. Graphene and Graphene Derivatives
4.2. Metal Oxides and Sulfides
4.3. MXenes
4.4. Two-Dimensional Composite Materials
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Electrolyte | Specific Capacitance | Energy Density | Power Density | Cyclic Stability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
graphene nanoplatelets-coated carbon paper | 20 M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride + 0.1 M 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-1-oxyl | 480 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1 | 110 Wh kg−1 | 10 kW kg−1 | 2.56% capacitance loss after 500 cycles | [94] |
reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide | 17 m NaClO4 | 59.7 F g−1 | 43.8 Wh kg−1 | 115.6 W kg−1 | 84% after 10,000 cycles | [95] |
N-doped RGO | 17 m NaClO4 | 138 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 | 140 Wh kg−1 | 10,125 W kg−1 | 98% after 10,000 cycles | [79] |
rGO | 11 M NaNO3 | 149.4 F g−1 | 22.87 Wh kg−1 | 210 W kg−1 | 98.1% after 5000 cycles | [96] |
MnO2 (cathode) and Fe3O4 (anode) | 21 m LiTFSI | 35.5 Wh kg−1 | 2692 W kg−1 | 87% after 3000 cycles | [97] | |
Nb18W16O93 | 13 m LiAc | 54 mAh g−1 | 41.9 Wh kg−1 | 20 kW kg−1 | 85% after 50,000 cycles | [82] |
MnO2 | 21 m LiTFSI | 303 F g−1 | 405 Wh kg−1 | 16.7 kW kg−1 | 90% after 3000 cycles | [98] |
1T-MoS2 | acetone and water added acetamide and lithium perchlorate | 42.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 | 31.2 Wh kg−1 | 5.7 kW kg−1 | 91% after 20,000 cycles | [90] |
Ti3C2Tx | 20 M LiCl | 89.2 F cm−3 | 33.6 mWh cm−3 | 25 W cm−3 | nearly no capacity decay after 10,000 cycles | [99] |
Ti3C2 (anode) and MnO2 (cathode) | 21 M potassium acetate | 25 F cm−3 | 16.80 mWh cm−3 | 137 mW cm−3 | 93% after 10,000 cycles | [100] |
Ti3C2Tx | 19.8 m LiCl | 26 F g−1 | 9.2 Wh kg−1 | 41 W kg−1 | Coulombic efficiency above 95% | [101] |
PTCDI–rGO | 32 m Ammonium acetate | 165 mAh g−1 | 12.9 Wh kg−1 | 827 W kg−1 | 74% after 3000 cycles | [102] |
PANI–rGO | N-methyl acetamide and lithium perchlorate in water and DMF | 41.9 F g−1 | 28.2 Wh kg−1 | 5.6 kW kg−1 | 60% after 3000 cycles | [103] |
VN//MnO2–AMSCs–GE | 5 M LiTFSI | 243 F g−1 | 21.6 mW cm−3 | 1539 mW cm−3 | 90% after 5000 cycles | [104] |
rGO@ VO2 | 1 M LiPF6 in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio combining ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate | 1214 mAh g−1 | 126.7 Wh kg−1 | 10,000 W kg−1 | 80% after 10,000 cycles | [105] |
carbon nanostructures | LiOTf/NaOTf | 284 F g−1 | 39.2 Wh kg−1 | 22 kW kg−1 | 85.5% after 10,000 cycles | [106] |
PTCDI/rGO | DES (urea: magnesium chloride: lithium perchlorate: water) | 76.5 mAh g−1 at 0.03 A g−1 | 53 Wh kg−1 | 1042 W kg−1 | Coulombic efficiency is 99% after 200 cycles | [107] |
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Melethil, K.; Kumar, M.S.; Wu, C.-M.; Shen, H.-H.; Vedhanarayanan, B.; Lin, T.-W. Recent Progress of 2D Layered Materials in Water-in-Salt/Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid Electrolytes for Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13071257
Melethil K, Kumar MS, Wu C-M, Shen H-H, Vedhanarayanan B, Lin T-W. Recent Progress of 2D Layered Materials in Water-in-Salt/Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid Electrolytes for Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(7):1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13071257
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelethil, Krishnakumar, Munusamy Sathish Kumar, Chun-Ming Wu, Hsin-Hui Shen, Balaraman Vedhanarayanan, and Tsung-Wu Lin. 2023. "Recent Progress of 2D Layered Materials in Water-in-Salt/Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid Electrolytes for Supercapacitors" Nanomaterials 13, no. 7: 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13071257