Crystallisation Kinetics and Associated Electrical Conductivity Dynamics of Poly(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) Nanocomposites in the Melt State
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrical Behaviour
3.2. Thermal Cycling
3.3. Thermal Properties
VA Content
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymer | Sample Code | Vinyl Acetate Content (%) | Melting Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m3) | Mw (kg/mol) | Mw/Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Escorene™ Ultra FL 00909 | EVA9 | 9 | 94 | 928 | 184 | 13.1 |
Escorene™ Ultra UL 02020 | EVA20 | 20 | 80 | 940 | 161 | 11.5 |
Escorene™ Ultra UL 04533EH2 | EVA33 | 33 | 61 | 956 | n.a. | 4.4 |
CB (vol%) | NTCcool | PTCcool | NTCheat | PTCheat | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11.4 | 2 | 35 | 297 | 5398 | 1.177 × 10−5 | 138 |
16.0 | 1 | 19 | 12 | 174 | 4.128 × 10−5 | 8 |
21.0 | 1 | 57 | 6 | 276 | 1.018 × 10−4 | 4 |
22.5 | 1 | 47 | 4 | 173 | 1.304 × 10−4 | 3 |
25.5 | 1 | 84 | 2 | 119 | 3.650 × 10−5 | 1 |
29.7 | 2 | 110 | 1 | 13 | −2.955 × 10−4 | 1 |
GNP (vol%) | NTCcool | PTCcool | NTCheat | PTCheat | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3.501 × 10−12 | 2 |
2.6 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 10 | 2.309 × 10−10 | 12 |
3.5 | 3 | 0 | 1601 | 201 | 2.537 × 10−7 | 558 |
4.5 | 2 | 1 | 489 | 204 | 2.473 × 10−6 | 241 |
5.5 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 20 | 8.176 × 10−6 | 15 |
6.4 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 2.419 × 10−5 | 6 |
GNP (vol%) | 0 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 11.4 | 21 | 25.6 | |||
Tc (K) | 340.2 | 340.8 | 340.7 | 339.9 | 338.7 | 338.6 | |||
Tm (K) | 356.7 | 356.0 | 355.5 | 355.0 | 354.1 | 353.8 | |||
GNP (vol%) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 6.4 |
Tc (K) | 339.5 | 339.6 | 339.8 | 340.1 | 340.4 | 340.2 | 340.5 | 340.6 | 340.5 |
Tm (K) | 357.2 | 357.0 | 357.4 | 357.2 | 357.1 | 356.8 | 357.0 | 357.1 | 357.1 |
CB (vol%) | 5 K/min (min) | 7 K/min (min) | 10 K/min (min) | 20 K/min (min) | 30 K/min (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
1.7 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
4.5 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
11.5 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
21.2 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
25.8 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
GNP (vol%) | 5 K/min (min) | 7 K/min (min) | 10 K/min (min) | 20 K/min (min) | 30 K/min (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
0.2 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
1.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
3.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
4.5 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
6.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
%VA | NTCcool | PTCcool | NTCheat | PTCheat | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 3 | 16 | 843 | 4434 | 1.09 × 10−7 | 271 |
20 | 1 | 2 | 179 | 420 | 2.44 × 10−6 | 221 |
33 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 35 | 5.02 × 10−6 | 49 |
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Stalmann, G.; Matic, A.; Jacobsson, P.; Tranchida, D.; Gitsas, A.; Gkourmpis, T. Crystallisation Kinetics and Associated Electrical Conductivity Dynamics of Poly(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) Nanocomposites in the Melt State. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3602. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203602
Stalmann G, Matic A, Jacobsson P, Tranchida D, Gitsas A, Gkourmpis T. Crystallisation Kinetics and Associated Electrical Conductivity Dynamics of Poly(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) Nanocomposites in the Melt State. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(20):3602. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203602
Chicago/Turabian StyleStalmann, Gertrud, Aleksandar Matic, Per Jacobsson, Davide Tranchida, Antonis Gitsas, and Thomas Gkourmpis. 2022. "Crystallisation Kinetics and Associated Electrical Conductivity Dynamics of Poly(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) Nanocomposites in the Melt State" Nanomaterials 12, no. 20: 3602. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203602