Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Nanosized Zinc Oxide Synthesis Conditions by Electrospinning Technique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. ZnAc-PVP Nanofiber Preparation and ZnO Synthesis
2.3. Experimental Design, Statistical Analysis, and Optimization by RSM
2.4. Characterization
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Response Surface Model
3.2. Response Surface Plots
3.3. Response Surface Plotting and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles at Optimized Conditions
3.4. XRD Patterns and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Independent Variables | Factor Xi | Range and Level | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | 0 | +1 | ||
Applied potential (kV) | X1 | 12 | 14 | 16 |
Distance (cm) | X2 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
Calcination temperature (°C) | X3 | 600 | 700 | 800 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 982.28 | 3 | 327.43 | 99.22 | 0.0001 significant |
A-Temperature | 593.77 | 1 | 593.77 | 179.93 | 0.0001 |
B-Distance | 0.093 | 1 | 0.093 | 0028 | 0.8697 |
C-Applied potential | 9.19 | 1 | 9.19 | 2.79 | 0.1233 |
Residual | 36.30 | 11 | 3.30 | ||
Lack of fit | 35.62 | 9 | 3.96 | 11.64 | 0.0816 not significant |
Pure error | 0.68 | 2 | 0.34 | ||
Cor total | 1018.58 | 14 | |||
Std. Dev. | 1.82 | R2 | 0.9644 | ||
Mean | 53.79 | Adj R2 | 0.9546 | ||
CV % | 3.38 | Pred R-Square | 0.9424 | ||
PRESS | 58.71 | Adequate Precision | 22.609 |
Run Order | Calcination Temperature (°C) | Tip-to-Collector Distance (cm) | Applied Potential (kV) | Response, Y (ZnO Size in nm) | Predicted Values (ZnO Size in nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 800 | 8.00 | 14.00 | 66 | 65.68 |
2 | 800 | 8.00 | 12.00 | 65 | 65.30 |
14 | 600 | 10.00 | 16.00 | 46 | 46.34 |
9 | 700 | 8.00 | 12.00 | 64.30 | 65.03 |
8 | 800 | 10.00 | 16.00 | 45.20 | 44.52 |
10 | 600 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 65.10 | 64.28 |
5 | 600 | 8.00 | 16.00 | 53.60 | 52.12 |
6 | 800 | 10.00 | 12.00 | 62.00 | 62.11 |
7 | 700 | 12.00 | 14.00 | 54.00 | 53.90 |
11 | 700 | 8.00 | 16.00 | 45.00 | 44.88 |
15 | 700 | 10.00 | 14.00 | 50.00 | 50.12 |
3 | 600 | 12.00 | 14.00 | 44.00 | 44.50 |
13 | 700 | 10.00 | 14.00 | 52.00 | 52.23 |
4 | 800 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 44.60 | 44.52 |
12 | 600 | 12.00 | 16.00 | 43.00 | 43.23 |
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Rakhmanova, A.; Kalybekkyzy, S.; Soltabayev, B.; Bissenbay, A.; Kassenova, N.; Bakenov, Z.; Mentbayeva, A. Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Nanosized Zinc Oxide Synthesis Conditions by Electrospinning Technique. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101733
Rakhmanova A, Kalybekkyzy S, Soltabayev B, Bissenbay A, Kassenova N, Bakenov Z, Mentbayeva A. Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Nanosized Zinc Oxide Synthesis Conditions by Electrospinning Technique. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(10):1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101733
Chicago/Turabian StyleRakhmanova, Aizhan, Sandugash Kalybekkyzy, Baktiyar Soltabayev, Aiman Bissenbay, Nazym Kassenova, Zhumabay Bakenov, and Almagul Mentbayeva. 2022. "Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Nanosized Zinc Oxide Synthesis Conditions by Electrospinning Technique" Nanomaterials 12, no. 10: 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101733