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Nanomaterials
Volume 11
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10.3390/nano11030579
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Article

The Importance of Thermal Treatment on Wet-Kneaded Silica–Magnesia Catalyst and Lebedev Ethanol-to-Butadiene Process

by
Sang-Ho Chung
1,*,
Adrian Ramirez
2,
Tuiana Shoinkhorova
2,
Ildar Mukhambetov
1,
Edy Abou-Hamad
3,
Selevedin Telalovic
2,
Jorge Gascon
2 and
Javier Ruiz-Martínez
1,*
1
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Catalysis, Nanomaterials, and Spectroscopy (CNS), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
2
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Advanced Catalytic Materials (ACM), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
3
KAUST Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030579
Received: 31 December 2020 / Revised: 9 February 2021 / Accepted: 11 February 2021 / Published: 26 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanocatalysts in Biomass Conversion)
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Abstract

The Lebedev process, in which ethanol is catalytically converted into 1,3-butadiene, is an alternative process for the production of this commodity chemical. Silica–magnesia (SiO2–MgO) is a benchmark catalyst for the Lebedev process. Among the different preparation methods, the SiO2–MgO catalysts prepared by wet-kneading typically perform best owing to the surface magnesium silicates formed during wet-kneading. Although the thermal treatment is of pivotal importance as a last step in the catalyst preparation, the effect of the calcination temperature of the wet-kneaded SiO2–MgO on the Lebedev process has not been clarified yet. Here, we prepared and characterized in detail a series of wet-kneaded SiO2–MgO catalysts using varying calcination temperatures. We find that the thermal treatment largely influences the type of magnesium silicates, which have different catalytic properties. Our results suggest that the structurally ill-defined amorphous magnesium silicates and lizardite are responsible for the production of ethylene. Further, we argue that forsterite, which has been conventionally considered detrimental for the formation of ethylene, favors the formation of butadiene, especially when combined with stevensite. View Full-Text
Keywords: ethanol; butadiene; Lebedev process; wet-kneading; silica–magnesia; magnesium silicate ethanol; butadiene; Lebedev process; wet-kneading; silica–magnesia; magnesium silicate
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MDPI and ACS Style

Chung, S.-H.; Ramirez, A.; Shoinkhorova, T.; Mukhambetov, I.; Abou-Hamad, E.; Telalovic, S.; Gascon, J.; Ruiz-Martínez, J. The Importance of Thermal Treatment on Wet-Kneaded Silica–Magnesia Catalyst and Lebedev Ethanol-to-Butadiene Process. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030579

AMA Style

Chung S-H, Ramirez A, Shoinkhorova T, Mukhambetov I, Abou-Hamad E, Telalovic S, Gascon J, Ruiz-Martínez J. The Importance of Thermal Treatment on Wet-Kneaded Silica–Magnesia Catalyst and Lebedev Ethanol-to-Butadiene Process. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(3):579. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030579

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chung, Sang-Ho, Adrian Ramirez, Tuiana Shoinkhorova, Ildar Mukhambetov, Edy Abou-Hamad, Selevedin Telalovic, Jorge Gascon, and Javier Ruiz-Martínez. 2021. "The Importance of Thermal Treatment on Wet-Kneaded Silica–Magnesia Catalyst and Lebedev Ethanol-to-Butadiene Process" Nanomaterials 11, no. 3: 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030579

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