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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Design and Development of Teixobactin Analog-Loaded Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biofilm Destruction and Pathogen Elimination

by
Huaxiang Lei
1,2,
Ye Liang
1,
Xuechen Li
3,
Xiaojing Huang
2,
Chengfei Zhang
1,* and
Ting Zou
4,*
1
Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
2
Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Clinical Research Center for Oral Tissue Deficiency Diseases of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
3
Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
4
Shenzhen Clinical College of Stomatology, School of Stomatology & Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(4), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040189
Submission received: 5 March 2026 / Revised: 5 April 2026 / Accepted: 8 April 2026 / Published: 13 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Antibacterial Biomaterials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Although teixobactin, a promising cyclic undecadepsipeptide, exhibits efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria due to its novel mode of action and low potential for resistance, its clinical application is limited by two key shortcomings: ineffectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria and poor penetration of the protective extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilms. This renders it unsuitable for targeting the polymicrobial biofilms, which are the cause of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. We designed a modified teixobactin analog by integrating rhamnolipid, Ag@Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and L-Chg10-teixobactin to obtain a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP). The MNP demonstrates the ability to simultaneously degrade EPS, penetrate biofilm structures, and eliminate both G+ and G- pathogens under a rotating magnetic field (RMF). Rhamnolipid grafting degraded 52.5% of biofilm EPS. MNPs showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations from 100 to 200 µg/mL. Combined with RMF, biofilm eradication rates reached 97.0% (E. faecalis), 97.7% (S. gordonii), 88.4% (P. gingivalis), and 74.2% (F. nucleatum). The biofilm thickness was reduced from 19.4 ± 2.9 µm to 7.4 ± 1.0 µm, and the biofilm biomass was reduced by 68.5%. This combined strategy integrates enzymatic EPS degradation, magneto-mechanical disruption, and dual antimicrobial action, offering a promising topical therapy for periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Keywords: biofilm eradication; EPS; L-Chg10-teixobactin; magnetic nanoparticles; rhamnolipid biofilm eradication; EPS; L-Chg10-teixobactin; magnetic nanoparticles; rhamnolipid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lei, H.; Liang, Y.; Li, X.; Huang, X.; Zhang, C.; Zou, T. Design and Development of Teixobactin Analog-Loaded Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biofilm Destruction and Pathogen Elimination. J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17, 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040189

AMA Style

Lei H, Liang Y, Li X, Huang X, Zhang C, Zou T. Design and Development of Teixobactin Analog-Loaded Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biofilm Destruction and Pathogen Elimination. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2026; 17(4):189. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040189

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei, Huaxiang, Ye Liang, Xuechen Li, Xiaojing Huang, Chengfei Zhang, and Ting Zou. 2026. "Design and Development of Teixobactin Analog-Loaded Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biofilm Destruction and Pathogen Elimination" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 17, no. 4: 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040189

APA Style

Lei, H., Liang, Y., Li, X., Huang, X., Zhang, C., & Zou, T. (2026). Design and Development of Teixobactin Analog-Loaded Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biofilm Destruction and Pathogen Elimination. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 17(4), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040189

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