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J. Intell.
Volume 9
Issue 1
10.3390/jintelligence9010014
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Article

How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test

by
Daniel V. Simonet
1,*,
Katherine E. Miller
2,
Kevin L. Askew
1,
Kenneth E. Sumner
1,
Marcello Mortillaro
3 and
Katja Schlegel
4
1
Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
2
Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
3
Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
4
Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Intell. 2021, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010014
Submission received: 31 July 2020 / Revised: 19 January 2021 / Accepted: 5 February 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Socio-Emotional Ability Research)
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Abstract

Drawing upon multidimensional theories of intelligence, the current paper evaluates if the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo) fits within a higher-order intelligence space and if emotional intelligence (EI) branches predict distinct criteria related to adjustment and motivation. Using a combination of classical and S-1 bifactor models, we find that (a) a first-order oblique and bifactor model provide excellent and comparably fitting representation of an EI structure with self-regulatory skills operating independent of general ability, (b) residualized EI abilities uniquely predict criteria over general cognitive ability as referenced by fluid intelligence, and (c) emotion recognition and regulation incrementally predict grade point average (GPA) and affective engagement in opposing directions, after controlling for fluid general ability and the Big Five personality traits. Results are qualified by psychometric analyses suggesting only emotion regulation has enough determinacy and reliable variance beyond a general ability factor to be treated as a manifest score in analyses and interpretation. Findings call for renewed, albeit tempered, research on EI as a multidimensional intelligence and highlight the need for refined assessment of emotional perception, understanding, and management to allow focused analyses of different EI abilities.
Keywords: emotional intelligence; Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo); Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory; multidimensionality; S-1 Bifactor Modeling emotional intelligence; Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo); Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory; multidimensionality; S-1 Bifactor Modeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Simonet, D.V.; Miller, K.E.; Askew, K.L.; Sumner, K.E.; Mortillaro, M.; Schlegel, K. How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test. J. Intell. 2021, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010014

AMA Style

Simonet DV, Miller KE, Askew KL, Sumner KE, Mortillaro M, Schlegel K. How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test. Journal of Intelligence. 2021; 9(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simonet, Daniel V., Katherine E. Miller, Kevin L. Askew, Kenneth E. Sumner, Marcello Mortillaro, and Katja Schlegel. 2021. "How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test" Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010014

APA Style

Simonet, D. V., Miller, K. E., Askew, K. L., Sumner, K. E., Mortillaro, M., & Schlegel, K. (2021). How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test. Journal of Intelligence, 9(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010014

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