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Computation
Volume 9
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10.3390/computation9120137
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Article

Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation of BESS in AC Distribution Systems: A Convex Multi-Objective Formulation

by
Walter Gil-González
1,
Oscar Danilo Montoya
2,3,*,
Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña
4 and
Andrés Escobar-Mejía
5
1
Facultad de Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Campus Robledo, Medellín 050036, Colombia
2
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
3
Laboratorio Inteligente de Energía, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena 131001, Colombia
4
Department of Electromechanical and Mechatronic, Faculty of Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Robledo Campus, Medellín 050036, Colombia
5
Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Computation 2021, 9(12), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation9120137
Submission received: 2 November 2021 / Revised: 29 November 2021 / Accepted: 3 December 2021 / Published: 10 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Computational Engineering)
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Abstract

This paper deals with the multi-objective operation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in AC distribution systems using a convex reformulation. The objective functions are CO2 emissions, and the costs of the daily energy losses are considered. The conventional non-linear nonconvex branch multi-period optimal power flow model is reformulated with a second-order cone programming (SOCP) model, which ensures finding the global optimum for each point present in the Pareto front. The weighting factors methodology is used to convert the multi-objective model into a convex single-objective model, which allows for finding the optimal Pareto front using an iterative search. Two operational scenarios regarding BESS are considered: (i) a unity power factor operation and (ii) a variable power factor operation. The numerical results demonstrate that including the reactive power capabilities in BESS reduces 200 kg of CO2 emissions and USD 80 per day of operation. All of the numerical validations were developed in MATLAB 2020b with the CVX tool and the SEDUMI and SDPT3 solvers.
Keywords: battery energy storage system; multi-objective optimization model; distribution networks; non-linear optimization; convex reformulation; second-order cone programming battery energy storage system; multi-objective optimization model; distribution networks; non-linear optimization; convex reformulation; second-order cone programming

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gil-González, W.; Montoya, O.D.; Grisales-Noreña, L.F.; Escobar-Mejía, A. Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation of BESS in AC Distribution Systems: A Convex Multi-Objective Formulation. Computation 2021, 9, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/computation9120137

AMA Style

Gil-González W, Montoya OD, Grisales-Noreña LF, Escobar-Mejía A. Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation of BESS in AC Distribution Systems: A Convex Multi-Objective Formulation. Computation. 2021; 9(12):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/computation9120137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gil-González, Walter, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña, and Andrés Escobar-Mejía. 2021. "Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation of BESS in AC Distribution Systems: A Convex Multi-Objective Formulation" Computation 9, no. 12: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/computation9120137

APA Style

Gil-González, W., Montoya, O. D., Grisales-Noreña, L. F., & Escobar-Mejía, A. (2021). Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation of BESS in AC Distribution Systems: A Convex Multi-Objective Formulation. Computation, 9(12), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/computation9120137

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