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Article

Symbolic Framework for Evaluation of NOMA Modulation Impairments Based on Irregular Constellation Diagrams

1
Center for Applied Mathematics and Electronics, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Technical Sciences, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
3
Military Academy, University of Defence, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
4
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Be`er-sheva 8410501, Israel
5
Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144008, Punjab, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Information 2025, 16(6), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060468 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 April 2025 / Revised: 23 May 2025 / Accepted: 26 May 2025 / Published: 31 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Second Edition of Advances in Wireless Communications Systems)

Abstract

Complexity of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) digital signal processing schemes is particularly relevant in mobile environments because of the varying channel conditions of every single user. In contrast to legacy modulation and coding schemes (MCSs), NOMA MCSs typically have irregular symbol constellations with asymmetric symbol decision regions affecting synchronization at the receiver. Research papers investigating signal processing in this emerging field usually lack sufficient details for facilitating software-defined radio (SDR) implementation. This work presents a new symbolic framework approach for simulating signal processing functions in SDR transmit–receive paths in a dynamic NOMA downlink use case. The proposed framework facilitates simple and intuitive implementation and testing of NOMA schemes and can be easily expanded and implemented on commercially available SDR hardware. We explicitly address several important design and measurement parameters and their relationship to different tasks, including variable constellation processing, carrier and symbol synchronization, and pulse shaping, focusing on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The advantages of the proposed approach include intuitive symbolic modeling in a dynamic framework for NOMA signals; efficient, more accurate, and less time-consuming design flow; and generation of synthetic training data for machine-learning models that could be used for system optimization in real-world use cases.
Keywords: NOMA; SDR; symbolic computation; signal processing; modulation impairments; error vector magnitude NOMA; SDR; symbolic computation; signal processing; modulation impairments; error vector magnitude

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MDPI and ACS Style

Stefanovic, N.; Mladenovic, V.; Jovanovic, B.; Dabora, R.; Kar, A. Symbolic Framework for Evaluation of NOMA Modulation Impairments Based on Irregular Constellation Diagrams. Information 2025, 16, 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060468

AMA Style

Stefanovic N, Mladenovic V, Jovanovic B, Dabora R, Kar A. Symbolic Framework for Evaluation of NOMA Modulation Impairments Based on Irregular Constellation Diagrams. Information. 2025; 16(6):468. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060468

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefanovic, Nenad, Vladimir Mladenovic, Borisa Jovanovic, Ron Dabora, and Asutosh Kar. 2025. "Symbolic Framework for Evaluation of NOMA Modulation Impairments Based on Irregular Constellation Diagrams" Information 16, no. 6: 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060468

APA Style

Stefanovic, N., Mladenovic, V., Jovanovic, B., Dabora, R., & Kar, A. (2025). Symbolic Framework for Evaluation of NOMA Modulation Impairments Based on Irregular Constellation Diagrams. Information, 16(6), 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060468

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