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Volume 12
Issue 6
10.3390/info12060255
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Article

Modeling Data Flows with Network Calculus in Cyber-Physical Systems: Enabling Feature Analysis for Anomaly Detection Applications

by
Nicholas Jacobs
*,†,
Shamina Hossain-McKenzie
† and
Adam Summers
†
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editors: Jairo Giraldo and Mohamad El Hariri
Information 2021, 12(6), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060255
Received: 30 April 2021 / Revised: 9 June 2021 / Accepted: 11 June 2021 / Published: 19 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyber-Physical Systems Security and Resilience)
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Abstract

The electric grid is becoming increasingly cyber-physical with the addition of smart technologies, new communication interfaces, and automated grid-support functions. Because of this, it is no longer sufficient to only study the physical system dynamics, but the cyber system must also be monitored as well to examine cyber-physical interactions and effects on the overall system. To address this gap for both operational and security needs, cyber-physical situational awareness is needed to monitor the system to detect any faults or malicious activity. Techniques and models to understand the physical system (the power system operation) exist, but methods to study the cyber system are needed, which can assist in understanding how the network traffic and changes to network conditions affect applications such as data analysis, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and anomaly detection. In this paper, we examine and develop models of data flows in communication networks of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and explore how network calculus can be utilized to develop those models for CPSs, with a focus on anomaly and intrusion detection. This provides a foundation for methods to examine how changes to behavior in the CPS can be modeled and for investigating cyber effects in CPSs in anomaly detection applications. View Full-Text
Keywords: cyber-physical systems; intrusion detection systems; distributed energy resources; network calculus; data networks; communications cyber-physical systems; intrusion detection systems; distributed energy resources; network calculus; data networks; communications
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MDPI and ACS Style

Jacobs, N.; Hossain-McKenzie, S.; Summers, A. Modeling Data Flows with Network Calculus in Cyber-Physical Systems: Enabling Feature Analysis for Anomaly Detection Applications. Information 2021, 12, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060255

AMA Style

Jacobs N, Hossain-McKenzie S, Summers A. Modeling Data Flows with Network Calculus in Cyber-Physical Systems: Enabling Feature Analysis for Anomaly Detection Applications. Information. 2021; 12(6):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060255

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacobs, Nicholas, Shamina Hossain-McKenzie, and Adam Summers. 2021. "Modeling Data Flows with Network Calculus in Cyber-Physical Systems: Enabling Feature Analysis for Anomaly Detection Applications" Information 12, no. 6: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12060255

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