Life Scripts, Counter Scripts and Online Videos: The Struggle of Religious-Nationalist Community Epistemic Authorities against Military Service for Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Corpus of the Study
3. Methods
4. Structure
5. Individual and Community Life Scripts
6. Levels of Reward for Choosing the Normative Community Script
7. Counter Script
8. Enlistment of Women from the Religious-Nationalist Community in the IDF—The Hegemonic Script: National Service While Remaining within the Confines of the Gated Community
9. The Revolution of the Enlistment of Young Religious Women and the Evolution of a Rewarding Military Service Script for These Young Women
9.1. The Personal Level: The Personal Capital of Military Service: Personal Empowerment in the Army
9.2. The Community Level: Religious Capital in Military Service: A Communal Legitimacy That Follows Religious Legitimacy
9.3. The National Level: Military Service as National Capital: Taking Part in Fortifying Israel’s Security
10. Opposition to Enlistment Scripts and Their Reliance on Communal-Religious Logics
11. The Futility of Religious Logics
12. Online Videos Opposing Military Service for Women and the Attempt to Establish Non-Rewarding Counter-Scripts
- Counter script for personal capital reward from military service
- Counter script for collective capital reward (communal-familial-religious) from military service
- Counter script for national-symbolic capital reward from military service
12.1. Counter Script for Personal Capital Gained from Military Service: Personal Empowerment in the Army
12.1.1. The Psychosocial Component: Undermining the Empowerment of Maturation
12.1.2. The Psychological Component: Undermining the Empowerment of Erotic Capital
12.2. Counter Script for Religious Capital Gained from Military Service: Community Legitimacy Achieved from Religious Legitimacy
12.2.1. The Religious Aspect: A Disengagement of Religion
12.2.2. The Familial Aspect: A Disengagement of the Family’s Functions
12.3. Counter Script for National Capital Gained from Military Service: A Partnership Reinforcing Israel’s Security
13. Discussion
14. Conclusions
15. Thoughts for Future Research
- One future recommended study would be the direct influence of these videos on their consumers—potential female recruits and their families, and the discourse they created among then. We know that ultimately these videos were not very influential—as we have shown in this paper through statistical data, the number of female religious soldiers continued to rise. However, it would be fascinating to examine the concrete approach to these videos through ‘Reception studies’ (Schrøder 2019) that monitor the immediate discourse that followed the videos themselves. These studies may help identify the dominant reference themes that were created in response to these videos and the population groups that responded to them. For instance, whether they evoked rejection, ridicule, scorn, ambivalence, or any other type of response. Such analysis would be made possible in studies outside the category of our research, which wholly pertains to the study of political advertising principles with an emphasis on modes of approaching the public (Henneberg 2006). The study of reception, however, requires research pertaining to the category of researching the effectiveness of political and marketing campaigns (Thaler and Helmig 2013).
- It would also be interesting to examine whether similar influence tactics (such as the videos we have examined) exist in the USA and Canada and were a source of inspiration for the conservative organizations who created them. In general, the discourse we have discussed originates in what is known as ‘the new American and Canadian conservatism’ (Cass 2021), consisting of organizations who perceive the liberal elites as destructing the military and undermining its likelihood of winning the USA’s wars, in part due to the fact that the military is open to women and the LGBT community (Blain 2005). These organizations invest their efforts in battling against this reality, telling the military “to man up” (Jackson et al. 2012), and opposing the enlistment of women in combat positions by at least two methods: an attempt to prevent the enlistment of these women by approaching them directly (similarly to the tactics presented in the current paper), or by approaching young conservative women who wish to serve in the army despite their communities’ beliefs that the military should remain masculine. If such examples do in fact exist, they would be an interesting case study in order to examine whether they may have anything in common with the cases presented in the current paper.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lebel, U.; Masad, D. Life Scripts, Counter Scripts and Online Videos: The Struggle of Religious-Nationalist Community Epistemic Authorities against Military Service for Women. Religions 2021, 12, 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090750
Lebel U, Masad D. Life Scripts, Counter Scripts and Online Videos: The Struggle of Religious-Nationalist Community Epistemic Authorities against Military Service for Women. Religions. 2021; 12(9):750. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090750
Chicago/Turabian StyleLebel, Udi, and Dana Masad. 2021. "Life Scripts, Counter Scripts and Online Videos: The Struggle of Religious-Nationalist Community Epistemic Authorities against Military Service for Women" Religions 12, no. 9: 750. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090750