Naturally Occurring Rock Type Influences the Settlement of Fucus spiralis L. zygotes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rock Types
2.2. Fucus Spiralis
2.3. Preparation of Settling Plates
2.4. Preparation of Zygote Solution
2.5. Settlement of Zygotes on Plates
2.6. Counting Methodology
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Initial Attachment
3.2. Survivorship
4. Discussion
4.1. Surface Roughness
4.2. Chemical Interactions between Adhesives and Substrata
4.3. Free Energy of Rock Surfaces
4.4. Other Factors
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Natural Surface | |||||
Source | df | SS | MS | F | p |
Season | 1 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.92 |
Rock type | 3 | 2.3207 | 0.7735 | 53.9 | 0.0001 |
Wave | 1 | 3.4149 | 3.4149 | 237.9 | 0.0001 |
Interaction (season x rock) | 3 | 0.0374 | 0.0125 | 0.86 | 0.46 |
Interaction (season x wave) | 1 | 0.0261 | 0.0261 | 1.82 | 0.18 |
Interaction (rock x wave) | 3 | 0.0131 | 0.0044 | 0.30 | 0.82 |
Interaction (season x rock) | |||||
x wave | 3 | 0.0433 | 0.0144 | 1.01 | 0.39 |
Error | 64 | 0.9185 | 0.0144 | ||
Total | 79 | 6.7742 | 0.0858 | ||
Smooth Surface | |||||
Source | df | SS | MS | F | p |
Season | 1 | 0.328 | 0.328 | 23.29 | 0.0001 |
Rock type | 3 | 1.433 | 0.478 | 33.91 | 0.0001 |
Wave | 1 | 4.065 | 4.065 | 288.68 | 0.0001 |
Interaction (season x rock) | 3 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 0.6 | 0.62 |
Interaction (season x wave) | 1 | 0.0004 | 0.0005 | 0.03 | 0.85 |
Interaction (rock x wave) | 3 | 0.044 | 0.014 | 1.05 | 0.37 |
Interaction (season x rock) | |||||
x wave | 3 | 0.016 | 0.005 | 0.38 | 0.77 |
Error | 64 | 0.901 | 0.014 | ||
Total | 79 | 6.812 | 0.086 |
Natural Surface | |||||
Source | df | SS | MS | F | p |
Season | 1 | 0.0908 | 0.0908 | 4.11 | 0.051 |
Rock type | 3 | 0.3953 | 0.1318 | 5.96 | 0.002 |
Interaction (season x type) | 3 | 0.1133 | 0.0377 | 1.71 | 0.181 |
Error | 32 | 0.7076 | 0.0221 | ||
Total | 39 | 1.3071 | |||
Smooth Surface | |||||
Source | df | SS | MS | F | p |
Season | 1 | 0.0218 | 0.218 | 1.66 | 0.207 |
Rock type | 3 | 0.2698 | 0.089 | 6.83 | 0.001 |
Interaction (season x type) | 3 | 0.0258 | 0.0086 | 0.65 | 0.587 |
Error | 32 | 0.4216 | 0.0132 | ||
Total | 39 | 0.7391 |
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Ambrose, W.G., Jr.; Renaud, P.E.; Adler, D.C.; Vadas, R.L. Naturally Occurring Rock Type Influences the Settlement of Fucus spiralis L. zygotes. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090927
Ambrose WG Jr., Renaud PE, Adler DC, Vadas RL. Naturally Occurring Rock Type Influences the Settlement of Fucus spiralis L. zygotes. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9(9):927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090927
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmbrose, William G., Jr., Paul E. Renaud, David C. Adler, and Robert L. Vadas. 2021. "Naturally Occurring Rock Type Influences the Settlement of Fucus spiralis L. zygotes" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9: 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090927