Estimation of Background Erosion Rate at Janghang Beach due to the Construction of Geum Estuary Tidal Barrier in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Site Description
3. Theoretical Background
3.1. Mass Conservation in Littoral Cell
3.2. Coastal Sediment Loss Rate
3.3. Shoreline Change from Background Erosion
4. Results
4.1. Estimation of Reduction in Sediment Volume by Dam Construction in Geum Estuary
4.2. Geometric Correction of Aerial Photographs
4.3. Estimation of Coastal Sediment Loss Rate(K)
5. Discussion
5.1. Estimation of Background Erosion Rate
5.2. Discussion on Closure Depth in Macro-Tidal Coast
5.3. Discussion on Further Application from Study Findings
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Major Rivers | Sub-Rivers |
Basin Area (km2) |
Actual Sediment Discharge (With Dam) (m3/yr) |
Natural Sediment Discharge (No Dam) ( ) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Smith River | 1823 | 136,475 | ||
Klamath River | 1248 | 236,465 | ||
Eel River | 3845 | 168,500 | ||
Ten Mile and Navarro River | 5010 | 149,615 | ||
Russian River | 10,952 | 555,000 | ||
Santa Cruz | 808 | 59,500 | ||
Southern Monterey Bay | 1905 | 137,152 | ||
Salinas River | 10,952 | 555,000 | ||
Carmel River | 2327 | 545,000 | ||
Carmel River | 808 | 59,500 | ||
Point Sur and Morro Bay | 848 | 75,939 | ||
Santa Maria | 8715 | 619,392 | ||
Arroyo Grande | 396 | 85,500 | ||
Santa Ynez | 5382 | 219,986 | ||
Santa Barbara | 1111 | 55,000 | ||
Santa Monica | 4483 | 63,500 | ||
Malibu Creek | 285 | 40,600 | ||
San Pedro | 966 | 177,602 | ||
L.A. River | 2163 | 178,000 | ||
San Gabriel | 1837 | 139,000 | ||
Santa Ana River | 4381 | 290,000 | ||
San Diego River | 1111 | 55,000 | ||
San Dieguito River | 896 | 45,000 | ||
San Luis Rey River | 1450 | 100,000 |
Dam |
Loss of Sediment Discharge by Dam (m3/yr) |
Water Storage Capacity (m3) |
---|---|---|
Tompson creek | 500 | 830,865 |
Casitas | 31,000 | 313,000,000 |
Eaton wash | 1000 | 889,000 |
Carbon canyon | 2000 | 1,100,000 |
Cogswell | 5000 | 11,063,000 |
Pacoima | 3000 | 4,659,000 |
San clemente | 16,000 | 1,790,000 |
San gabriel | 28,500 | 54,499,000 |
San dimas | 2000 | 1,869,000 |
Big tujunga | 9500 | 7,350,000 |
Area | Point | Basin Area ( ) | Sediment Discharge Modified Einstein) () |
Han River | Yeoju | 12,408 | 661,793 |
Munmak | 1491 | 548,975 | |
Nakdong River | Hyangseok | 1816 | 158,978 |
Seonsan | 1005 | 455,601 | |
Waegwan | 1285 | 154,880 | |
Jukgo | 1717 | 170,054 | |
Jindong | 20,311 | 887,901 | |
Jeongam | 2986 | 119,585 | |
Geum River | Habgang | 5012 | 352,582 |
Yeongsan River | Seonam | 403 | 75,657 |
Nampyeong | 576 | 144,784 | |
Naju | 1719 | 347,684 |
January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Mean | Std. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Korea | 21.6 | 23.6 | 45.8 | 77 | 102.2 | 133.3 | 327.9 | 348 | 137.6 | 49.3 | 53 | 24.9 | 112.0 | 112.9 |
California | 108.3 | 111.8 | 81.9 | 39.4 | 16.4 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 6.9 | 29.0 | 65.6 | 101.7 | 47.6 | 43.8 |
Name |
Completion Date (yr) |
Storage Capacity (103m3) |
Dam Drainage Area (km2) |
Basin Area (km2) |
Accrued Sediment Discharge (m3/yr) |
Reduced Sediment Discharge (m3/yr) |
Sediment Discharge (m3/yr) |
Reduction Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yongdam Dam(A) | 2001 | 815,000 | 930 | 930 | 81,361 | 35,536 | 81,316 | 44 |
Daechung Dam(B) | 1980 | 1,490,000 | 667 | 3303 | 197,671 | 38,614 | 243,496 | 56 |
Baeckgok Dam() | 1984 | 21,800 | 86 | 86 | 39,960 | 17,063 | 39,960 | 43 |
Topjung Dam() | 1944 | 31,611 | 71 | 219 | 46,516 | 18,958 | 46,516 | 48 |
Geum Estuary Weir (C) | 1990 | 138,000 | 537 | 5376 | 299,269 | 26,476 | 245,613 | 43 |
Total | 2291 | 9915 | 664,778 | 245,613 | 63 |
Site | Date | Providers | Image No. | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
Area of Janghang Beach in Geum Estuary, Korea | Oct. 1947 | National Geographic Information Institute | 194710000300070005 | Aerial Photo |
Mar. 1985 | National Geographic Information Institute | 198500000300910002 | Aerial Photo | |
Apr. 2000 | National Geographic Information Institute | 200004001400090004 | Aerial Photo | |
Apr. 2003 | National Geographic Information Institute | 200345 | Aerial Photo | |
Jun. 2010 | National Geographic Information Institute | 20103424 | Aerial Photo | |
Sep. 2015 | Daum (Korean portal site) | - | Satellite image | |
Sep. 2018 | National Geographic Information Institute | 201811610A | Aerial Photo |
Date | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#0–#1 | #1–#2 | #2–#3 | #3–#4 | #4–#5 | #5–#6 | Total Area | Avg. Width | |
October, 1947 | 5697 | 4609 | 5215 | 6798 | 4915 | 4218 | 31,452 | 52.42 |
March, 1985 | 6667 (+970) | 4324 (−285) | 3208 (−2007) | 4020 (−2779) | 3213 (−1702) | 3867 (−351) | 25,297 (−6154) | 42.16 (−10.26) |
April, 2000 | 5230 (−1437) | 3150 (−1174) | 1927 (−1281) | 3963 (−56) | 3557 (+344) | 2225 (−1642) | 20,051 (−5246) | 33.42 (−8.42) |
April, 2003 | 5192 (−38) | 3564 (+414) | 2547 (+620) | 3493 (−470) | 2327 (−1230) | 1589 (−636) | 18,709 (−1342) | 31.18 (−2.24) |
June, 2010 | 5058 (−134) | 3494 (−70) | 2273 (−274) | 3933 (+440) | 2433 (+106) | 1136 (−453) | 18,330 (−379) | 30.55 (−0.63) |
September, 2015 | 4272 (−786) | 2759 (−735) | 2220 (−53) | 3317 (−616) | 2660 (+227) | 1763 (+627) | 16,991 (−1339) | 28.32 (−2.23) |
September, 2018 | 4163 (−109) | 2053 (−706) | 1747 (−473) | 2506 (−811) | 2132 (−528) | 2157 (+394) | 14,758 (−2233) | 24.60 (−3.72) |
Littoral Cell | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geum Estuary | 19.5 | 12 | 245,613 | 0.84 | 0.025 | 0.37 | 42 |
19.5 | 8.5 | 245,613 | 1.05 | 0.035 | 0.37 | 42 | |
19.5 | 4.5 | 245,613 | 1.39 | 0.066 | 0.37 | 42 |
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Lee, S.; Lee, J.L. Estimation of Background Erosion Rate at Janghang Beach due to the Construction of Geum Estuary Tidal Barrier in Korea. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080551
Lee S, Lee JL. Estimation of Background Erosion Rate at Janghang Beach due to the Construction of Geum Estuary Tidal Barrier in Korea. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8(8):551. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080551
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sahong, and Jung Lyul Lee. 2020. "Estimation of Background Erosion Rate at Janghang Beach due to the Construction of Geum Estuary Tidal Barrier in Korea" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8: 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080551