Application of the Design of Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Bow Design Improvement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Optimization Methods
3. Design Parameter Variation
4. Design Parameter Variation
Computational Method
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Effects of Design Parameter Variations
5.2. Bow Shape Optimization
6. Conclusions
- It was possible to systematically and effectively determine the main design parameters and interactions between each of the design parameters using DOE for performing hull optimization to reduce the added resistance in waves.
- The single parameters that have a significant effect on the added resistance among the five bow shape design parameters of the ship were DWL, BBV, and BEA; the two-way interaction was predominant in BWL–BFA.
- To verify whether the added resistance value estimated from the response surface module is valid, it was compared with the CFD analysis results of the same condition, through which the validity of the results derived from the response surface model was confirmed.
- Through the CFD analysis on the optimum hull, it was possible to confirm the reduction of added resistance by the reflected wave around the bow smoothly spread to the side.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Design Parameters | Symbol | Unit | Level 1 | Level 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Design Waterline Length | DWL | m | 0 | 6 |
Bulbous Bow Height | BBH | m | 0 | 1.5 |
Bow Entrance Angle | BEA | ° | 45 | 75 |
Bulbous Bow Volume | BBV | % | 16 | 18 |
Bow Flare Angle | BFA | ° | 30 | 55 |
Principal Particulars | Symbol | Unit | Full Scale | Model Scale |
---|---|---|---|---|
Length overall | LOA | m | 250 | 6.87 |
Length between perpendiculars | LBP | m | 239 | 6.57 |
Beam | m | 44 | 1.21 | |
Design draft | m | 13.6 | 0.374 | |
Advance speed | m/s | 7.459 | 1.236 |
Test Condition | Symbol | Unit | Full Scale | Model Scale |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wave length ratio | λ/L | 0.5 | ||
Wave height | m | 4.0 | 0.110 | |
Wave period | s | 8.748 | 1.45 |
Run No. | DWL (m) | BBH (m) | BEA (m) | BBV (m) | BFA (m) | Res. (N) | Dev. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CASE 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 45 | 16 | 55 | 5.720 | −5.3 |
CASE 2 | +6 | 0.0 | 75 | 16 | 55 | 5.932 | −1.8 |
CASE 3 | +6 | +1.5 | 45 | 18 | 30 | 5.949 | −1.5 |
CASE 4 | +6 | 0.0 | 75 | 18 | 30 | 5.908 | −2.2 |
CASE 5 | 0 | +1.5 | 75 | 16 | 55 | 6.054 | +0.2 |
CASE 6 | 0 | 0.0 | 75 | 18 | 55 | 6.446 | +6.7 |
CASE 7 | 0 | +1.5 | 45 | 18 | 55 | 6.007 | −0.6 |
CASE 8 | 0 | 0.0 | 45 | 18 | 30 | 6.339 | +4.9 |
CASE 9 | +6 | +1.5 | 75 | 18 | 55 | 6.071 | +0.5 |
CASE 10 | +6 | 0.0 | 45 | 18 | 55 | 6.024 | −0.3 |
CASE 11 | 0 | 0.0 | 75 | 16 | 30 | 6.196 | +2.6 |
CASE 12 | +6 | +1.5 | 75 | 16 | 30 | 5.910 | −2.2 |
CASE 13 | +6 | 0.0 | 45 | 16 | 30 | 5.741 | −5.0 |
CASE 14 | 0 | +1.5 | 75 | 18 | 30 | 6.409 | +6.1 |
CASE 15 | +6 | +1.5 | 45 | 16 | 55 | 6.102 | +1.0 |
CASE 16 | 0 | +1.5 | 45 | 16 | 30 | 6.192 | +2.5 |
Design Parameters | Symbol | Unit | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Design waterline length | DWL | m | 0 | 3 | 6 |
Bow entrance angle | BEA | ° | 15 | 45 | 75 |
Bulbous bow volume | BBV | % | 15 | 17 | 19 |
Bow flare angle | BFA | ° | 25 | 40 | 55 |
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Seok, W.; Kim, G.H.; Seo, J.; Rhee, S.H. Application of the Design of Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Bow Design Improvement. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7, 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070226
Seok W, Kim GH, Seo J, Rhee SH. Application of the Design of Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Bow Design Improvement. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7(7):226. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070226
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeok, Woochan, Gwan Hoon Kim, Jeonghwa Seo, and Shin Hyung Rhee. 2019. "Application of the Design of Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Bow Design Improvement" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 7: 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070226