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Volume 13
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10.3390/jmse13030473
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Article

Influence of Geometric Length Perturbation of Optical Path on Measurement Error of Seawater Refractive Index

by
Xinyi Zhang
1,2,
Jiaxin Zhao
1,3,
Hu Wang
1,
Liyan Li
1,*,
Songtao Fan
1,
Yongjie Wang
1 and
Yan Zhou
1,*
1
Optoelectronic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
2
College of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(3), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030473
Submission received: 31 January 2025 / Revised: 25 February 2025 / Accepted: 25 February 2025 / Published: 28 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Abstract

As the demand for high-precision measurements of refractive index variations in marine environments increases, eliminating potential sources of measurement errors has become an urgent issue. One of these error sources is the impact of optical path length perturbations. This study investigates the effect of optical path perturbations on the accuracy of the measurements using the interference method. By establishing an error analysis model, this study analyzes the systematic errors induced by optical path perturbations and verifies the error patterns under different refractive index variations through simulations and experiments. The results show that the errors introduced by optical path perturbations are linearly related to the magnitude of the perturbations, and the error increases as the magnitude of the perturbation grows. The error becomes negligible when the magnitude of the optical path perturbations relative to the measurement zone length is one order of magnitude smaller than the refractive index measurement accuracy. The experimental and simulation results are consistent, validating the accuracy of the model. This indicates that in high-precision seawater refractive index measurements using the interference method, perturbations in the measurement region cannot be ignored, and it is difficult to achieve higher measurement precision through physical vibration isolation alone, highlighting the urgent need for new solutions.
Keywords: interference method; high-precision measurements; refractive index variations; optical path length perturbations; systematic errors interference method; high-precision measurements; refractive index variations; optical path length perturbations; systematic errors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, X.; Zhao, J.; Wang, H.; Li, L.; Fan, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Y. Influence of Geometric Length Perturbation of Optical Path on Measurement Error of Seawater Refractive Index. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030473

AMA Style

Zhang X, Zhao J, Wang H, Li L, Fan S, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Influence of Geometric Length Perturbation of Optical Path on Measurement Error of Seawater Refractive Index. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(3):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Xinyi, Jiaxin Zhao, Hu Wang, Liyan Li, Songtao Fan, Yongjie Wang, and Yan Zhou. 2025. "Influence of Geometric Length Perturbation of Optical Path on Measurement Error of Seawater Refractive Index" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 3: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030473

APA Style

Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Wang, H., Li, L., Fan, S., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Influence of Geometric Length Perturbation of Optical Path on Measurement Error of Seawater Refractive Index. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(3), 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030473

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