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Article

Interannual Variations in Headland-Bay Beach Profiles and Sediment Under Artificial Island Influence: A Case Study of Puqian Bay, Hainan Island, China

1
College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2
College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(10), 1930; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13101930
Submission received: 2 September 2025 / Revised: 6 October 2025 / Accepted: 7 October 2025 / Published: 9 October 2025

Abstract

Beaches are important geomorphic units shaped by land–sea interactions. Changes in their profiles and surface sediments are directly influenced by both natural processes and human activities. This study is based on continuous topographic and sediment monitoring from 2021 to 2023 on the open and sheltered beaches of Puqian Bay, Hainan Island. It investigates the interannual profile evolution and the spatiotemporal response of sediment grain size under the influence of an artificial island. The results show that the Guilinyang Beach profile is mainly characterized by seasonal erosion–accretion cycles and the seaward migration of sandbars, while the Hilton Beach profile has undergone long-term erosion. At Hilton, sediment grain size changes are strongly coupled with profile erosion and accretion. Seasonal waves drive spatial differences in both profile and grain-size variation across Puqian Bay. The artificial island has reshaped local alongshore sediment transport and wave energy distribution. This has led to continuous erosion and coarsening in the open sector, while the sheltered sector remains morphologically stable. These findings reveal the spatiotemporal response patterns of headland-bay beaches under both natural and anthropogenic forcing, and provide scientific evidence for understanding coastal sediment dynamics and the impacts of artificial structures.
Keywords: artificial island; EOF; sediment grain size; headland–bay beach artificial island; EOF; sediment grain size; headland–bay beach

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.; Li, Z.; Sun, Y.; Bian, X.; Zhu, D. Interannual Variations in Headland-Bay Beach Profiles and Sediment Under Artificial Island Influence: A Case Study of Puqian Bay, Hainan Island, China. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 1930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13101930

AMA Style

Wang X, Li Z, Sun Y, Bian X, Zhu D. Interannual Variations in Headland-Bay Beach Profiles and Sediment Under Artificial Island Influence: A Case Study of Puqian Bay, Hainan Island, China. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(10):1930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13101930

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xuan, Zhiqiang Li, Yan Sun, Xiaodong Bian, and Daoheng Zhu. 2025. "Interannual Variations in Headland-Bay Beach Profiles and Sediment Under Artificial Island Influence: A Case Study of Puqian Bay, Hainan Island, China" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 10: 1930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13101930

APA Style

Wang, X., Li, Z., Sun, Y., Bian, X., & Zhu, D. (2025). Interannual Variations in Headland-Bay Beach Profiles and Sediment Under Artificial Island Influence: A Case Study of Puqian Bay, Hainan Island, China. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(10), 1930. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13101930

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