Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Biomass under Long-Term Crop Rotation and Tillage in Illinois, USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Sites
2.2. Soil Analyses
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SOM | Soil organic matter |
SOC | Soil organic carbon |
MBC | Microbial biomass carbon |
MBN | Microbial biomass nitrogen |
CCC | Continuous corn |
CS | Corn-soybean |
CSW | Corn-soybean-wheat |
SSS | Continuous soybean |
NT | No-till |
CT | Chisel tillage |
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Source | SOC | TN | MBC | MBN |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rotation (R) | 0.057 | 0.001 | 0.557 | 0.507 |
Tillage (T) | 0.072 | 0.021 | 0.249 | 0.112 |
R × T | 0.550 | 0.319 | 0.819 | 0.358 |
Depth (D) | 0.001 | 0.352 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
R × D | 0.590 | 0.117 | 0.600 | 0.363 |
T × D | 0.074 | 0.001 | 0.098 | 0.086 |
R × T × D | 0.901 | 0.669 | 0.267 | 0.339 |
Depth (cm) | Depth (cm) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 | 10–20 | 0–20 | 0–10 | 10–20 | 0–20 | ||||||||
SOC (g kg−1) | TN (g kg−1) | ||||||||||||
Rotation | Tillage | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE |
CCC * | CT | 19.8 | 6.4 | 17.3 | 6.3 | 18.5 | 6.3 | 1.83 | 0.31 | 1.57 | 0.13 | 1.70 | 0.17 |
NT | 22.2 | 18.3 | 20.2 | 2.03 | 1.62 | 1.82 | |||||||
CS | CT | 19.2 | 17.3 | 18.3 | 1.81 | 1.50 | 1.65 | ||||||
NT | 21.7 | 17.1 | 19.4 | 2.37 | 1.50 | 1.94 | |||||||
CSW | CT | 21.4 | 19.2 | 20.3 | 2.04 | 1.65 | 1.84 | ||||||
NT | 23.2 | 18.2 | 20.7 | 2.05 | 1.55 | 1.80 | |||||||
SSS | CT | 16.8 | 16.2 | 16.5 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.38 | ||||||
NT | 20.1 | 17.7 | 18.6 | 1.78 | 1.46 | 1.62 | |||||||
CCC | 21.0 | 6.4 | 17.8 | 6.4 | 19.4 AB § | 6.3 | 1.93 | 0.23 | 1.60 | 0.13 | 1.76 A | 0.14 | |
CS | 20.5 | 17.2 | 18.8 AB | 2.09 | 1.50 | 1.80 A | |||||||
CSW | 22.3 | 18.7 | 20.5 A | 2.04 | 1.60 | 1.82 A | |||||||
SSS | 18.4 | 16.6 | 17.5 B | 1.58 | 1.42 | 1.50 B | |||||||
CT | 19.3 b †,‡ | 6.3 | 17.5 b | 6.3 | 18.4 B | 6.3 | 1.76 b | 0.17 | 1.52 ab | 0.12 | 1.64 B | 0.11 | |
NT | 21.8 a | 17.7 b | 19.7 A | 2.06 a | 1.53 ab | 1.79 A |
Depth (cm) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 | 10–20 | 0–20 | |||||
Rotation | Tillage | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE |
CCC * | CT | 3.75 (42.7) | 0.31 | 3.32 (27.6) | 0.31 | 3.53 (34.3) | 0.28 |
NT | 4.12 (61.5) | 0.31 | 3.43 (30.8) | 0.31 | 3.77 (43.5) | 0.28 | |
CS | CT | 4.02 (55.5) | 0.28 | 3.57 (35.4) | 0.28 | 3.79 (44.3) | 0.26 |
NT | 4.37 (79.3) | 0.28 | 3.61 (36.8) | 0.28 | 3.99 (54.0) | 0.26 | |
CSW | CT | 4.12 (61.6) | 0.27 | 3.29 (26.9) | 0.27 | 3.71 (40.7) | 0.26 |
NT | 4.23(68.6) | 0.27 | 3.52 (33.7) | 0.27 | 3.87 (48.1) | 0.26 | |
SSS | CT | 4.13 (61.9) | 0.31 | 3.66 (39.0) | 0.31 | 3.89 (49.1) | 0.28 |
NT | 4.31 (74.7) | 0.31 | 3.32 (27.8) | 0.31 | 3.82 (45.6) | 0.28 | |
CCC | 3.94 (51.2) | 0.27 | 3.37 (29.1) | 0.27 | 3.65 (38.6) | 0.25 | |
CS | 4.19 (66.3) | 0.25 | 3.59 (36.1) | 0.25 | 3.89 (48.9) | 0.24 | |
CSW | 4.17 (65.0) | 0.24 | 3.40 (30.1) | 0.24 | 3.79 (44.3) | 0.24 | |
SSS | 4.22 (68.0) | 0.27 | 3.49 (32.9) | 0.27 | 3.86 (47.3) | 0.25 | |
CT | 4.00 (54.8) a †,‡ | 0.24 | 3.46 (31.8) b | 0.24 | 3.73 (41.8) | 0.23 | |
NT | 4.26 (70.7) a | 0.24 | 3.47 (32.1) b | 0.24 | 3.86 (47.6) | 0.23 |
Depth (cm) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 | 10–20 | 0–20 | |||||
Rotation | Tillage | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE |
CCC * | CT | 1.80 (6.04) | 0.36 | 0.61 (1.85) | 0.29 | 1.21 (3.34) | 0.28 |
NT | 1.86 (6.43) | 0.36 | 1.68 (5.37) | 0.28 | 1.77 (5.87) | 0.27 | |
CS | CT | 2.19 (8.94) | 0.27 | 1.54 (4.67) | 0.22 | 1.87 (6.46) | 0.22 |
NT | 2.06 (7.86) | 0.27 | 1.51 (4.52) | 0.21 | 1.79 (5.96) | 0.21 | |
CSW | CT | 2.10 (8.14) | 0.23 | 1.37 (3.94) | 0.19 | 1.73 (5.66) | 0.19 |
NT | 2.04 (7.66) | 0.23 | 1.61 (4.98) | 0.19 | 1.82 (6.18) | 0.19 | |
SSS | CT | 2.17 (8.73) | 0.36 | 1.13 (3.11) | 0.28 | 1.65 (5.21) | 0.27 |
NT | 2.66 (14.28) | 0.36 | 1.60 (4.97) | 0.28 | 2.13 (8.43) | 0.27 | |
CCC | 1.83 (6.23) | 0.27 | 1.15 (3.15) | 0.22 | 1.49 (4.43) | 0.21 | |
CS | 2.13 (8.38) | 0.21 | 1.52 (4.59) | 0.18 | 1.83 (6.21) | 0.17 | |
CSW | 2.07 (7.90) | 0.19 | 1.49 (4.43) | 0.16 | 1.78 (5.92) | 0.16 | |
SSS | 2.41 (11.17) | 0.27 | 1.37 (3.93) | 0.21 | 1.89 (6.62) | 0.21 | |
CT | 2.06 (7.87) a †,‡ | 0.17 | 1.16 (3.20) c | 0.14 | 1.61 (5.02) | 0.14 | |
NT | 2.15 (8.62) a | 0.17 | 1.60 (4.95) b | 0.14 | 1.88 (6.53) | 0.14 |
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Zuber, S.M.; Behnke, G.D.; Nafziger, E.D.; Villamil, M.B. Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Biomass under Long-Term Crop Rotation and Tillage in Illinois, USA. Agriculture 2018, 8, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8030037
Zuber SM, Behnke GD, Nafziger ED, Villamil MB. Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Biomass under Long-Term Crop Rotation and Tillage in Illinois, USA. Agriculture. 2018; 8(3):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8030037
Chicago/Turabian StyleZuber, Stacy M., Gevan D. Behnke, Emerson D. Nafziger, and Maria B. Villamil. 2018. "Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Soil Organic Matter and Microbial Biomass under Long-Term Crop Rotation and Tillage in Illinois, USA" Agriculture 8, no. 3: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8030037