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Agriculture
Volume 16
Issue 1
10.3390/agriculture16010039
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Review

Advancements in Intelligent Monitoring Technologies for Behavioral, Physiological, and Biomarker Analysis in Cattle Health: A Review

by
Tianyu Li
1,
Ruirui Zhang
2,*,
Hui Zhao
1,*,
Linhuan Zhang
2,
Gang Xu
2,
Tongchuan Yi
2 and
Weijia Wang
2
1
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
2
Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2026, 16(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010039
Submission received: 18 November 2025 / Revised: 16 December 2025 / Accepted: 19 December 2025 / Published: 23 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Intelligent Technologies in Farm Animal Disease, Feeding and Building Environmental Control)
Versions Notes

Abstract

With the large-scale and intensive development of cattle farming, traditional health monitoring is incompetent for both dairy and beef cattle in commercial and research settings due to high labor costs and poor real-time performance, making intelligent technologies a core solution. This review innovatively integrates three core dimensions—behavioral detection, physiological parameter monitoring, and in vitro substance analysis—filling the gap of single-dimensional summaries and systematically combining technical performance with key deployment considerations (cost, durability, environmental adaptability). Studies show that the detection accuracy of key health indicators generally exceeds 85%, but most technologies face common challenges including animal stress, environmental interference, and complex calibration. Future research should prioritize multimodal data fusion, low-cost sensor development, and anti-interference algorithm optimization. This review provides comprehensive technical references for smart livestock farming, facilitating efficient and sustainable cattle health management.
Keywords: livestock farming; cattle health; intelligent monitoring; cattle behavioral sensor livestock farming; cattle health; intelligent monitoring; cattle behavioral sensor

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, T.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, L.; Xu, G.; Yi, T.; Wang, W. Advancements in Intelligent Monitoring Technologies for Behavioral, Physiological, and Biomarker Analysis in Cattle Health: A Review. Agriculture 2026, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010039

AMA Style

Li T, Zhang R, Zhao H, Zhang L, Xu G, Yi T, Wang W. Advancements in Intelligent Monitoring Technologies for Behavioral, Physiological, and Biomarker Analysis in Cattle Health: A Review. Agriculture. 2026; 16(1):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Tianyu, Ruirui Zhang, Hui Zhao, Linhuan Zhang, Gang Xu, Tongchuan Yi, and Weijia Wang. 2026. "Advancements in Intelligent Monitoring Technologies for Behavioral, Physiological, and Biomarker Analysis in Cattle Health: A Review" Agriculture 16, no. 1: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010039

APA Style

Li, T., Zhang, R., Zhao, H., Zhang, L., Xu, G., Yi, T., & Wang, W. (2026). Advancements in Intelligent Monitoring Technologies for Behavioral, Physiological, and Biomarker Analysis in Cattle Health: A Review. Agriculture, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16010039

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