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Agriculture
Volume 15
Issue 23
10.3390/agriculture15232498
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Article

Simulation for Transversely Isotropic Citrus Tree Vibration Characteristics Based on the Frenet Frame

by
Haobo Jiao
1,2,3,
Weihong Liu
1,2,3,
Liang Pan
1,2,3,
Jiwei Dong
1,2,3,*,
Guiying Ren
1,2,3,
Chengsong Li
4,*,
Lihong Wang
4,
Chen Ma
4,
Yipeng Wang
5,
Bangtai Zhao
5 and
Xi Guo
5
1
Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
2
Chongqing–Sichuan Key Laboratory of Mountain Digital and Intelligent Agriculture, Chongqing 400714, China
3
Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture in Southwest Mountainous Areas, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400714, China
4
College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
5
Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610029, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2025, 15(23), 2498; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232498 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 October 2025 / Revised: 24 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 November 2025 / Published: 30 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Agriculture, Smart Farming and Crop Monitoring)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Vibration technology is a commonly used method for detaching citrus fruits, and studying the vibrational properties of citrus trees can helpfully improve the effectiveness of vibrating harvesters. The existing mechanical properties of wood have shown that tree materials in nature have transversely isotropic characteristics instead of isotropic ones. However, in the study of the vibrational characteristics of fruit trees, the material of fruit trees is still defined as isotropic. This paper presents a vibration simulation approach for transversely isotropic citrus trees using the Frenet frame to reveal the true physical characteristics of fruit trees. A comparison was carried between the vibration spectrum obtained from experiments on citrus branches and the simulated spectra from transversely isotropic and isotropic material models. The findings reveal that the simulated vibration spectra for the transversely isotropic citrus branch can closely match the experimentally measured spectra. This supports the effectiveness of simulation method for transversely isotropic citrus trees. Furthermore, simulations of the vibration frequency response characteristics for citrus trees with both transversely isotropic and isotropic materials showed notable differences in their spectra. The proposed simulation method for transversely isotropic citrus trees offers a more precise depiction of their actual vibrational properties. This simulation technique is crucial for optimizing the parameters of citrus harvesting equipment, leading to enhanced machine performance.
Keywords: transverse isotropy; citrus tree vibration; characteristics; frenet frame; computer simulation transverse isotropy; citrus tree vibration; characteristics; frenet frame; computer simulation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jiao, H.; Liu, W.; Pan, L.; Dong, J.; Ren, G.; Li, C.; Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, B.; et al. Simulation for Transversely Isotropic Citrus Tree Vibration Characteristics Based on the Frenet Frame. Agriculture 2025, 15, 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232498

AMA Style

Jiao H, Liu W, Pan L, Dong J, Ren G, Li C, Wang L, Ma C, Wang Y, Zhao B, et al. Simulation for Transversely Isotropic Citrus Tree Vibration Characteristics Based on the Frenet Frame. Agriculture. 2025; 15(23):2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232498

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiao, Haobo, Weihong Liu, Liang Pan, Jiwei Dong, Guiying Ren, Chengsong Li, Lihong Wang, Chen Ma, Yipeng Wang, Bangtai Zhao, and et al. 2025. "Simulation for Transversely Isotropic Citrus Tree Vibration Characteristics Based on the Frenet Frame" Agriculture 15, no. 23: 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232498

APA Style

Jiao, H., Liu, W., Pan, L., Dong, J., Ren, G., Li, C., Wang, L., Ma, C., Wang, Y., Zhao, B., & Guo, X. (2025). Simulation for Transversely Isotropic Citrus Tree Vibration Characteristics Based on the Frenet Frame. Agriculture, 15(23), 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232498

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