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Agriculture
Volume 15
Issue 17
10.3390/agriculture15171905
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Article

Genetic Analysis of Thai Centella asiatica Germplasm for Morphological, Biomass, and Centelloside Traits

by
Jareerat Chunthawodtiporn
1,
Thongchai Koobkokkruad
2,
Samart Wanchana
3,
Theerayut Toojinda
3,4,
Paradee Thammapichai
5,
Vinitchan Ruanjaichon
3 and
Kanokwan Romyanon
3,*
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
2
Nanolife and Cosmeceuticals Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
3
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
4
Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
5
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2025, 15(17), 1905; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171905 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 June 2025 / Revised: 2 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 September 2025 / Published: 8 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Genetics, Genomics and Breeding)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban or Asiatic pennywort is an important medicinal plant used in traditional medicine, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries; it is also an indigenous vegetable in Asian countries. A total of 169 Centella accessions were collected from all regions of Thailand and assessed for 29 traits, including morphological traits, plant biomass, and centelloside contents. Experiments were conducted in two growing systems, soil and hydroponics, with two harvests every month. The centelloside concentrations were determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) procedure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation matrix, genetic parameters, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering were determined both across all environments and for each growing system separately. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in genotypes and growing systems, along with their interactions. Hydroponic culture produced three- to four-fold higher biomass than soil system while triterpenoid sapogenin concentrations were notably greater in hydroponics. Biomass-related traits showed strong positive correlations with centelloside yields, and genetic analyses revealed moderate to high heritability for these characteristics. PCA and cluster analyses classified accessions into four distinct groups, identifying elite genotypes with both high biomass and centelloside yield. These findings provide a solid foundation for targeted selection in Centella breeding programs.
Keywords: Centella asiatica; centellosides; morphological; yield; hydroponic; soil; genetic diversity; heritability; principal component analysis; selection Centella asiatica; centellosides; morphological; yield; hydroponic; soil; genetic diversity; heritability; principal component analysis; selection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chunthawodtiporn, J.; Koobkokkruad, T.; Wanchana, S.; Toojinda, T.; Thammapichai, P.; Ruanjaichon, V.; Romyanon, K. Genetic Analysis of Thai Centella asiatica Germplasm for Morphological, Biomass, and Centelloside Traits. Agriculture 2025, 15, 1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171905

AMA Style

Chunthawodtiporn J, Koobkokkruad T, Wanchana S, Toojinda T, Thammapichai P, Ruanjaichon V, Romyanon K. Genetic Analysis of Thai Centella asiatica Germplasm for Morphological, Biomass, and Centelloside Traits. Agriculture. 2025; 15(17):1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171905

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunthawodtiporn, Jareerat, Thongchai Koobkokkruad, Samart Wanchana, Theerayut Toojinda, Paradee Thammapichai, Vinitchan Ruanjaichon, and Kanokwan Romyanon. 2025. "Genetic Analysis of Thai Centella asiatica Germplasm for Morphological, Biomass, and Centelloside Traits" Agriculture 15, no. 17: 1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171905

APA Style

Chunthawodtiporn, J., Koobkokkruad, T., Wanchana, S., Toojinda, T., Thammapichai, P., Ruanjaichon, V., & Romyanon, K. (2025). Genetic Analysis of Thai Centella asiatica Germplasm for Morphological, Biomass, and Centelloside Traits. Agriculture, 15(17), 1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171905

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