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Agriculture
Volume 15
Issue 17
10.3390/agriculture15171855
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Review

Balancing Tradition and Innovation: A 5-Year Review of Modern Approaches to Livestock Breed Conservation

by
Dana Tăpăloagă
1,
Raluca-Aniela Gheorghe-Irimia
1,*,
Cosmin Șonea
1,
Lucian Ilie
1,
Nicoleta Ciocîrlie
1 and
Paul-Rodian Tăpăloagă
2
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2025, 15(17), 1855; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171855 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 June 2025 / Revised: 2 August 2025 / Accepted: 29 August 2025 / Published: 30 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conservation Strategies for Local Animal Breeds)
Versions Notes

Abstract

As severe selection and declining population numbers in many breeds have resulted in losses in the worldwide livestock genetic biodiversity, human concern about the situation of genetic variety in livestock breeds and their conservation has grown. In this context, genomic techniques now allow for more exact monitoring of adaptive traits and inbreeding, while reproductive techniques such as somatic cell nuclear transfer and IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) help to preserve and recover rare genetic lines. AI-powered (Artifficial Inteligence) risk assessment models and digital herdbooks contribute to data-driven reproductive strategies, particularly in smallholder settings. Nonetheless, these advances face persistent hurdles, including a lack of legislative frameworks, high costs, limited accessibility in low-resource settings, and unresolved ethical problems. The findings highlight the importance of a balanced, interdisciplinary strategy that combines new biotechnologies with traditional knowledge, collaborative practices, and strong policy to assist in preserving the long-term viability of livestock genetic resources. This review intends to assess modern and traditional methods for the preservation of livestock breeds, analyzing references published between 2019 and the present.
Keywords: conservation strategies; genomic technologies; cryopreservation; reproductive biotechnologies; digital traceability systems conservation strategies; genomic technologies; cryopreservation; reproductive biotechnologies; digital traceability systems

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tăpăloagă, D.; Gheorghe-Irimia, R.-A.; Șonea, C.; Ilie, L.; Ciocîrlie, N.; Tăpăloagă, P.-R. Balancing Tradition and Innovation: A 5-Year Review of Modern Approaches to Livestock Breed Conservation. Agriculture 2025, 15, 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171855

AMA Style

Tăpăloagă D, Gheorghe-Irimia R-A, Șonea C, Ilie L, Ciocîrlie N, Tăpăloagă P-R. Balancing Tradition and Innovation: A 5-Year Review of Modern Approaches to Livestock Breed Conservation. Agriculture. 2025; 15(17):1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171855

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tăpăloagă, Dana, Raluca-Aniela Gheorghe-Irimia, Cosmin Șonea, Lucian Ilie, Nicoleta Ciocîrlie, and Paul-Rodian Tăpăloagă. 2025. "Balancing Tradition and Innovation: A 5-Year Review of Modern Approaches to Livestock Breed Conservation" Agriculture 15, no. 17: 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171855

APA Style

Tăpăloagă, D., Gheorghe-Irimia, R.-A., Șonea, C., Ilie, L., Ciocîrlie, N., & Tăpăloagă, P.-R. (2025). Balancing Tradition and Innovation: A 5-Year Review of Modern Approaches to Livestock Breed Conservation. Agriculture, 15(17), 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15171855

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