Design and Test of Disturbed Fertilizer Strip-Ejection Device with Vertical Pendulum Bar Based on Discrete Element Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overall DFSD Structure and Working Principle
2.1.1. Overall DFSD Structure
2.1.2. Working Principle
2.2. Design and Analysis of Key Components
2.2.1. Analysis of SRC Motion
- Motion Analysis of PMPB
- 2.
- Motion Analysis of APP
2.2.2. Mechanical Analysis of SRC
- Mechanical Analysis of PMPB
- 2.
- Obliquity design of APP
2.2.3. Guide Needle and FGPB
2.2.4. The Amount of Fertilizer Discharged
2.3. Simulation Test
2.3.1. Simulation Model Establishment
2.3.2. Analysis of Discrete Element Simulation Process
2.3.3. Experimental Factors and Levels
2.3.4. Calculation of Evaluation Indicators
2.4. Test Materials and Equipment
3. Results
3.1. Results of Regression Model
3.1.1. Scheme and Results of the Experiment
3.1.2. Regression Model and Significance Test 2
3.2. Analysis of Simulation Results of Key Component
3.2.1. Analysis of Factors Influencing Effects
3.2.2. Optimization of Key Component Parameters
3.3. Bench Test Results
3.3.1. Test Results
3.3.2. Results of Fertilizer Discharge Performance Tests at Different Frequencies
3.3.3. Fertilizer Crushing Rate Test Results at Different Frequencies
3.4. Adaptability Test Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Project | Parameter | Unit | Values |
---|---|---|---|
Fertilizer granules | Poisson’s ratio | / | 0.25 |
Shear modulus | pa | 2.6 × 107 | |
Density | kg/m3 | 1861 | |
Fertilizer-discharge box and swing rod combination | Poisson’s ratio | / | 0.394 |
Shear modulus | pa | 1.3 × 109 | |
Density | kg/m3 | 1240 | |
Fertilizer granules and fertilizer granules | Restitution | / | 0.11 |
Static friction coefficient | / | 0.30 | |
Rolling friction coefficient | / | 0.10 | |
Fertilizer granules, fertilizer-discharge box, and swing-rod combination | Restitution | / | 0.41 |
Static friction coefficient | / | 0.32 | |
Rolling friction coefficient | / | 0.18 |
Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Time step | s | 9.25 × 10−6 |
Acceleration | m·s−2 | 0 |
Stiffness and damping coefficient | / | 0 |
Local damping coefficient | / | 0 |
Levels | Wedge Angle of PMPB X1/(°) | Inclination Angle of APP X2/(°) | Operating Frequency of SRC X3/(times/min) | FGPB X4/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
−2 | 35.00 | 40.00 | 100.00 | 3.00 |
−1 | 40.00 | 42.50 | 125.00 | 4.25 |
0 | 45.00 | 45.00 | 150.00 | 5.50 |
1 | 50.00 | 47.50 | 175.00 | 6.75 |
2 | 55.00 | 50.00 | 200.00 | 8.00 |
Test No. | Experimental Factors | Test Index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1/(°) | x2/(°) | x3/(times/min) | x4/mm | Y1/% | Y2/% | |
1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 6.50 | 1.56 |
2 | 1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 19.92 | 4.86 |
3 | −1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 24.16 | 5.85 |
4 | 1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 23.41 | 5.52 |
5 | −1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 14.71 | 3.28 |
6 | 1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 11.61 | 3.22 |
7 | −1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 17.04 | 4.42 |
8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 14.70 | 3.84 |
9 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 17.59 | 4.20 |
10 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 29.00 | 5.85 |
11 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 20.36 | 4.19 |
12 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 25.82 | 5.45 |
13 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 22.72 | 5.31 |
14 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 19.09 | 4.73 |
15 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16.04 | 4.20 |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11.61 | 3.22 |
17 | −2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.89 | 5.19 |
18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.41 | 7.16 |
19 | 0 | −2 | 0 | 0 | 12.40 | 2.92 |
20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 21.01 | 4.03 |
21 | 0 | 0 | −2 | 0 | 25.97 | 5.30 |
22 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 15.35 | 3.62 |
23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −2 | 8.21 | 2.19 |
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 19.13 | 3.80 |
25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.73 | 7.17 |
26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.29 | 6.84 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.73 | 7.17 |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.41 | 6.18 |
29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.73 | 7.17 |
30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.41 | 6.18 |
31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.29 | 6.84 |
32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.41 | 7.56 |
33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.73 | 7.17 |
34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.41 | 7.56 |
35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.29 | 6.84 |
36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.73 | 7.17 |
Index | Source | Sum of Squares | Freedom | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y1 | Model | 1982.12 | 11 | 34.21 | <0.0001 ** |
x1 | 51.28 | 1 | 9.74 | 0.0047 ** | |
x2 | 35.58 | 1 | 6.75 | 0.0157 * | |
x3 | 152.41 | 1 | 28.94 | <0.0001 ** | |
x4 | 112.75 | 1 | 21.41 | 0.0001 ** | |
x1x2 | 25.4 | 1 | 4.82 | 0.038 * | |
x1x3 | 115.78 | 1 | 21.98 | <0.0001 ** | |
x2x3 | 54.32 | 1 | 10.31 | 0.0037 ** | |
x2x4 | 105.78 | 1 | 20.08 | 0.0002 ** | |
x22 | 444.67 | 1 | 84.43 | <0.0001 ** | |
x32 | 240.06 | 1 | 45.58 | <0.0001 ** | |
x42 | 644.11 | 1 | 122.3 | <0.0001 ** | |
Residual | 126.4 | 24 | |||
Lack of fit | 95.35 | 13 | 2.6 | 0.0606 | |
Error | 31.06 | 11 | |||
Sum | 2108.53 | 35 | |||
Y2 | Model | 91.23 | 12 | 36.12 | <0.0001 ** |
x1 | 2.42 | 1 | 11.49 | 0.0025 ** | |
x2 | 1.45 | 1 | 6.89 | 0.0151 * | |
x3 | 3.1 | 1 | 14.71 | 0.0008 ** | |
x4 | 2.55 | 1 | 12.11 | 0.002 ** | |
x1x2 | 1.53 | 1 | 7.25 | 0.013 * | |
x1x3 | 4.08 | 1 | 19.39 | 0.0002 ** | |
x2x3 | 1.82 | 1 | 8.66 | 0.0073 ** | |
x2x4 | 5.93 | 1 | 28.17 | <0.0001 ** | |
x12 | 1.15 | 1 | 5.48 | 0.0283 * | |
x22 | 23.93 | 1 | 113.7 | <0.0001 ** | |
x32 | 12.24 | 1 | 58.17 | <0.0001 ** | |
x42 | 31.03 | 1 | 147.45 | <0.0001 ** | |
Residual | 4.84 | 23 | |||
Lack of fit | 2.65 | 12 | 1.11 | 0.4358 | |
Error | 2.19 | 11 | |||
Sum | 96.07 | 35 |
No. | Y1/% | Y2/% |
---|---|---|
1 | 10.71 | 3.45 |
2 | 11.89 | 3.77 |
3 | 11.42 | 4.18 |
4 | 10.53 | 2.98 |
5 | 10.77 | 3.17 |
average value | 11.06 | 3.51 |
Operating Frequency of SRC X3/(times/min) | Y1/% | Y2/% |
---|---|---|
100 | 14.17 | 4.76 |
120 | 12.36 | 4.33 |
140 | 12.24 | 4.26 |
160 | 11.68 | 3.98 |
180 | 11.39 | 3.68 |
200 | 10.84 | 4.12 |
Fertilizer Types | Equivalent Diameter/mm | Density (kg·m−3) | Sphericity/% | Angle of Repose/° |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lanjingling | 3.08 | 820.14 | 94 | 27.7 |
Changqingshu | 3.19 | 1122.5 | 92 | 29.3 |
Shidanli | 3.44 | 915.3 | 83 | 33.9 |
Projects | Y1/% | Y2/% | |
---|---|---|---|
Lanjingling | 1 | 9.93 | 3.71 |
2 | 9.74 | 3.69 | |
3 | 9.94 | 3.64 | |
Average value | 9.87 | 3.68 | |
Changqingshu | 1 | 10.51 | 3.75 |
2 | 10.25 | 3.69 | |
3 | 10.77 | 3.27 | |
Average value | 10.51 | 3.57 | |
Shidanli | 1 | 10.87 | 3.52 |
2 | 10.77 | 3.51 | |
3 | 11.15 | 3.65 | |
Average value | 10.93 | 3.56 |
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Chen, L.; Deng, X.; Liu, Z.; Mou, X.; Ma, X.; Chen, R. Design and Test of Disturbed Fertilizer Strip-Ejection Device with Vertical Pendulum Bar Based on Discrete Element Method. Agriculture 2024, 14, 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040635
Chen L, Deng X, Liu Z, Mou X, Ma X, Chen R. Design and Test of Disturbed Fertilizer Strip-Ejection Device with Vertical Pendulum Bar Based on Discrete Element Method. Agriculture. 2024; 14(4):635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040635
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Lintao, Xiangwu Deng, Zhaoxiang Liu, Xiangwei Mou, Xu Ma, and Rui Chen. 2024. "Design and Test of Disturbed Fertilizer Strip-Ejection Device with Vertical Pendulum Bar Based on Discrete Element Method" Agriculture 14, no. 4: 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040635