Analysis of the Determinants of Agriculture Performance at the European Union Level
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- What are the determinants of agricultural performance in the EU?
- What are the relationships between the determinants of EU agricultural performance and how are Member States ranked according to them?
- How do EU countries differ and group according to the analyzed agricultural influencing factors?
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data and Hypotheses
3.2. Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Country/Item | Farm Area | UAA | Arable Land | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | % of EU | Value | % of EU | Value | % of EU | ||
1 | Austria | 4798 | 2.5 | 2603 | 1.7 | 13,229 | 1.3 |
2 | Belgium | 1392 | 0.7 | 1368 | 0.9 | 8693 | 0.9 |
3 | Bulgaria | 4907 | 2.6 | 4564 | 2.9 | 33,184 | 3.4 |
4 | Croatia | 1647 | 0.9 | 1505 | 1.0 | 8880 | 0.9 |
5 | Cyprus | 146 | 0.1 | 134 | 0.1 | 1022 | 0.1 |
6 | Czechia | 4923 | 2.6 | 3493 | 2.2 | 24,767 | 2.5 |
7 | Denmark | 3152 | 1.7 | 2630 | 1.7 | 23,734 | 2.4 |
8 | Estonia | 1211 | 0.6 | 975 | 0.6 | 6929 | 0.7 |
9 | Finland | 5305 | 2.8 | 2282 | 1.4 | 22,557 | 2.3 |
10 | France | 29,239 | 15.4 | 27,365 | 17.4 | 170,394 | 17.4 |
11 | Germany | 18,314 | 9.6 | 16,595 | 10.5 | 116,638 | 11.9 |
12 | Greece | 4066 | 2.1 | 3917 | 2.5 | 15,021 | 1.5 |
13 | Hungary | 6439 | 3.4 | 4922 | 3.1 | 40,280 | 4.1 |
14 | Ireland | 5215 | 2.7 | 4920 | 3.1 | 12,098 | 1.2 |
15 | Italy | 16,462 | 8.7 | 12,524 | 8.0 | 71,977 | 7.3 |
16 | Latvia | 2830 | 1.5 | 1969 | 1.3 | 13,333 | 1.4 |
17 | Lithuania | 3086 | 1.6 | 2915 | 1.9 | 22,373 | 2.3 |
18 | Luxembourg | 138 | 0.1 | 132 | 0.1 | 623 | 0.1 |
19 | Malta | 11 | 0.0 | 10 | 0.0 | 78 | 0.0 |
20 | Netherlands | 1947 | 1.0 | 1818 | 1.2 | 10,082 | 1.0 |
21 | Poland | 16,662 | 8.8 | 14,784 | 9.4 | 111,472 | 11.4 |
22 | Portugal | 5121 | 2.7 | 3964 | 2.5 | 10,367 | 1.1 |
23 | Romania | 13,787 | 7.3 | 12,763 | 8.1 | 85,707 | 8.7 |
24 | Slovakia | 3016 | 1.6 | 1863 | 1.2 | 13,253 | 1.4 |
25 | Slovenia | 907 | 0.5 | 483 | 0.3 | 1731 | 0.2 |
26 | Spain | 28,930 | 15.2 | 23,914 | 15.2 | 117,147 | 11.9 |
27 | Sweden | 6478 | 3.4 | 3006 | 1.9 | 25,382 | 2.6 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 190,130 | 100.0 | 157,416 | 100.0 | 980,948 | 100.0 |
No. | Country/Item | Farm Number | Total Economic Size | UAA/Farm (ha) | Economic Size/Farm (Thousand Euro/S.O.) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (Thousands) | % of EU | Value (Millions Euro/S.O.) | % of EU | ||||
1 | Austria | 110.8 | 1.2 | 6330.0 | 1.8 | 23.5 | 57.1 |
2 | Belgium | 36.0 | 0.4 | 8083.5 | 2.3 | 38.0 | 224.5 |
3 | Bulgaria | 132.7 | 1.5 | 3772.0 | 1.1 | 34.4 | 28.4 |
4 | Croatia | 143.9 | 1.6 | 1945.5 | 0.6 | 10.5 | 13.5 |
5 | Cyprus | 34.1 | 0.4 | 749.3 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 22.0 |
6 | Czechia | 28.9 | 0.3 | 5224.7 | 1.5 | 120.9 | 180.8 |
7 | Denmark | 37.1 | 0.4 | 8886.7 | 2.5 | 70.9 | 239.5 |
8 | Estonia | 11.4 | 0.1 | 756.5 | 0.2 | 85.5 | 66.4 |
9 | Finland | 45.6 | 0.5 | 3192.4 | 0.9 | 50.0 | 70.0 |
10 | France | 393.0 | 4.3 | 62,267.6 | 17.7 | 69.6 | 158.4 |
11 | Germany | 262.8 | 2.9 | 44,050.0 | 12.5 | 63.1 | 167.6 |
12 | Greece | 530.8 | 5.9 | 7354.9 | 2.1 | 7.4 | 13.9 |
13 | Hungary | 232.1 | 2.6 | 6387.9 | 1.8 | 21.2 | 27.5 |
14 | Ireland | 130.2 | 1.4 | 6851.2 | 2.0 | 37.8 | 52.6 |
15 | Italy | 1133.0 | 12.5 | 65,353.4 | 18.6 | 11.1 | 57.7 |
16 | Latvia | 69.0 | 0.8 | 1319.6 | 0.4 | 28.5 | 19.1 |
17 | Lithuania | 132.1 | 1.5 | 2215.6 | 0.6 | 22.1 | 16.8 |
18 | Luxembourg | 1.9 | 0.0 | 323.5 | 0.1 | 69.5 | 170.3 |
19 | Malta | 7.7 | 0.1 | 66.9 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 8.7 |
20 | Netherlands | 52.6 | 0.6 | 23,571.2 | 6.7 | 34.6 | 448.1 |
21 | Poland | 1302.3 | 14.4 | 25,630.6 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 19.7 |
22 | Portugal | 290.2 | 3.2 | 6369.1 | 1.8 | 13.7 | 21.9 |
23 | Romania | 2887.1 | 31.8 | 11,692.8 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
24 | Slovakia | 19.6 | 0.2 | 1836.2 | 0.5 | 95.1 | 93.7 |
25 | Slovenia | 72.5 | 0.8 | 1120.9 | 0.3 | 6.7 | 15.5 |
26 | Spain | 914.9 | 10.1 | 40,368.2 | 11.5 | 26.1 | 44.1 |
27 | Sweden | 58.8 | 0.6 | 5359.1 | 1.5 | 51.1 | 91.1 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 9071.0 | 100.0 | 351,079.3 | 100.0 | 17.4 | 38.7 |
No. | Country/Item | Total Economy | Agriculture | Machines and Other Agricultural Equipment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value (Million Euro) | % of GDP | Value (Million Euro) | % of Total Economy | Value (Million Euro) | % of Agricultural GFCF | ||
1 | Austria | 95,768.40 | 25.2 | 2251.38 | 2.52 | 995.00 | 44.2 |
2 | Belgium | 109,301.80 | 23.9 | 1327.63 | 1.43 | 315.39 | 23.8 |
3 | Bulgaria | 11,750.20 | 19.2 | 436.33 | 4.84 | 211.71 | 48.5 |
4 | Croatia | 11,197.50 | 22.3 | 201.40 | 3.92 | 37.28 | 18.5 |
5 | Cyprus | 4308.30 | 19.9 | 34.47 | 0.68 | 1.48 | 4.3 |
6 | Czechia | 57,290.80 | 26.5 | 972.94 | 3.00 | 402.64 | 41.4 |
7 | Denmark | 69,506.20 | 22.3 | 1217.46 | 1.55 | 711.28 | 58.4 |
8 | Estonia | 8233.10 | 30.7 | 213.01 | 2.64 | 128.38 | 60.3 |
9 | Finland | 57,463.00 | 24.1 | 1186.00 | 2.87 | 204.00 | 17.2 |
10 | France | 529,854.00 | 22.9 | 10,317.77 | 2.19 | 6556.33 | 63.5 |
11 | Germany | 735,869.00 | 21.9 | 9342.96 | 1.29 | 5698.00 | 61.0 |
12 | Greece | 19,271.20 | 11.7 | 1792.99 | 9.84 | 904.46 | 50.4 |
13 | Hungary | 36,602.90 | 26.6 | 1148.20 | 3.54 | 287.45 | 25.0 |
14 | Ireland | 158,065.80 | 42.4 | 1127.24 | 0.79 | 606.19 | 53.8 |
15 | Italy | 295,658.80 | 17.8 | 8262.10 | 3.11 | 2377.51 | 28.8 |
16 | Latvia | 7217.00 | 24.5 | 243.12 | 6.03 | 180.97 | 74.4 |
17 | Lithuania | 10,423.50 | 21.1 | 543.30 | 5.92 | 208.00 | 38.3 |
18 | Luxembourg | 10,788.60 | 16.8 | 99.55 | 1.41 | 30.81 | 30.9 |
19 | Malta | 2686.10 | 20.6 | 11.78 | 0.67 | 2.76 | 23.4 |
20 | Netherlands | 172,937.00 | 21.7 | 4984.88 | 2.99 | 2390.73 | 48.0 |
21 | Poland | 90,667.80 | 17.2 | 1370.46 | 3.80 | 485.44 | 35.4 |
22 | Portugal | 38,183.10 | 19.1 | 1129.79 | 3.47 | 277.73 | 24.6 |
23 | Romania | 52,182.60 | 23.8 | 1612.95 | 4.19 | 333.21 | 20.7 |
24 | Slovakia | 18,072.90 | 19.6 | 132.89 | 3.69 | 27.76 | 20.9 |
25 | Slovenia | 8860.50 | 18.9 | 236.44 | 4.51 | 70.32 | 29.7 |
26 | Spain | 227,599.00 | 20.3 | 4823.95 | 2.92 | 908.92 | 18.8 |
27 | Sweden | 120,694.30 | 25.1 | 1148.45 | 2.14 | 549.05 | 47.8 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 2,960,453.50 | 22.1 | 56,169.44 | 2.30 | 24,902.79 | 44.3 |
No. | Country/Item | GFCF—Total Value (Million Euro) | GFCF/Farm (Euro/Farm) | GFCF/UAA (Euro/ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Austria | 2251.38 | 20,323.0 | 865.0 |
2 | Belgium | 1327.63 | 36,878.6 | 970.4 |
3 | Bulgaria | 436.33 | 3287.1 | 95.6 |
4 | Croatia | 201.40 | 1399.3 | 133.8 |
5 | Cyprus | 34.47 | 1012.3 | 257.0 |
6 | Czechia | 972.94 | 33,654.1 | 278.6 |
7 | Denmark | 1217.46 | 32,824.5 | 462.9 |
8 | Estonia | 213.01 | 18,734.4 | 218.4 |
9 | Finland | 1186.00 | 25,991.7 | 519.8 |
10 | France | 10,317.77 | 26,251.9 | 377.0 |
11 | Germany | 9342.96 | 35,554.3 | 563.0 |
12 | Greece | 1792.99 | 3378.2 | 457.8 |
13 | Hungary | 1148.20 | 4947.9 | 233.3 |
14 | Ireland | 1127.24 | 8656.4 | 229.1 |
15 | Italy | 8262.10 | 7292.1 | 659.7 |
16 | Latvia | 243.12 | 3524.5 | 123.5 |
17 | Lithuania | 543.30 | 4113.4 | 186.4 |
18 | Luxembourg | 99.55 | 52,952.1 | 753.4 |
19 | Malta | 11.78 | 1539.9 | 1202.0 |
20 | Netherlands | 4984.88 | 94,697.6 | 2742.1 |
21 | Poland | 1370.46 | 1052.3 | 92.7 |
22 | Portugal | 1129.79 | 3892.7 | 285.0 |
23 | Romania | 1612.95 | 558.7 | 126.4 |
24 | Slovakia | 132.89 | 6769.7 | 71.3 |
25 | Slovenia | 236.44 | 3262.6 | 489.1 |
26 | Spain | 4823.95 | 5272.8 | 201.7 |
27 | Sweden | 1148.45 | 19,534.8 | 382.1 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 56,169.44 | 6192.2 | 356.8 |
No. | Country/Item | Direct Payments | Market Measures | Rural Development | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Austria | 691,597 | 22,298 | 567,266 | 1281,161 |
2 | Belgium | 481,836 | 60,758 | 102,723 | 645,317 |
3 | Bulgaria | 781,855 | 18,386 | 338,990 | 1,139,231 |
4 | Croatia | 317,338 | 13,061 | 282,343 | 612,741 |
5 | Cyprus | 48,125 | 5922 | 18,881 | 72,929 |
6 | Czechia | 855,832 | 16,537 | 321,615 | 1,193,984 |
7 | Denmark | 814,070 | 12,212 | 151,589 | 977,871 |
8 | Estonia | 142,536 | 1476 | 129,177 | 273,189 |
9 | Finland | 523,450 | 6473 | 344,777 | 874,699 |
10 | France | 6,909,823 | 550,551 | 1,987,740 | 9,448,114 |
11 | Germany | 4,768,123 | 117,256 | 1,394,589 | 6,279,967 |
12 | Greece | 1,982,609 | 59,445 | 698,261 | 2,740,315 |
13 | Hungary | 1,266,719 | 40,211 | 486,663 | 1,793,593 |
14 | Ireland | 1,201,194 | 59,338 | 312,570 | 1,573,102 |
15 | Italy | 3,599,133 | 677,514 | 1,501,763 | 5,778,411 |
16 | Latvia | 277,306 | 3048 | 161,492 | 441,846 |
17 | Lithuania | 480,492 | 3344 | 264,151 | 747,987 |
18 | Luxembourg | 32,841 | 556 | 14,511 | 47,909 |
19 | Malta | 5117 | 344 | 13,859 | 19,320 |
20 | Netherlands | 666,190 | 22,583 | 147,976 | 836,749 |
21 | Poland | 3,402,201 | 25,553 | 1,187,301 | 4,615,055 |
22 | Portugal | 680,228 | 107,898 | 582,456 | 1,370,581 |
23 | Romania | 1,912,461 | 65,671 | 1,139,927 | 3,118,059 |
24 | Slovakia | 447,758 | 11,255 | 214,525 | 673,538 |
25 | Slovenia | 133,869 | 7022 | 120,721 | 261,611 |
26 | Spain | 5,125,093 | 599,856 | 1,183,394 | 6,908,343 |
27 | Sweden | 686,818 | 11,875 | 249,819 | 948,511 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 38,234,612 | 2,520,441 | 13,919,080 | 54,674,132 |
No. | Country/Item | Direct Payments Euro/ha | % of Direct Payments in Agricultural Output/UAA (Including Subsidies) | % of Direct Payments in Factor Income | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Deviation | ||||
1 | Austria | 350 | 34.4 | 10.6 | 40.51 |
2 | Belgium | 377 | 61.4 | 5.4 | 20.64 |
3 | Bulgaria | 229 | −86.6 | 20.6 | 44.62 |
4 | Croatia | 365 | 49.4 | 18.5 | 40.72 |
5 | Cyprus | 377 | 61.4 | 6.2 | 12.40 |
6 | Czechia | 273 | −42.6 | 14.5 | 41.12 |
7 | Denmark | 308 | −7.6 | 6.5 | 26.34 |
8 | Estonia | 170 | −145.6 | 14.3 | 48.37 |
9 | Finland | 302 | −13.6 | 13.3 | 39.21 |
10 | France | 291 | −24.6 | 9.4 | 30.63 |
11 | Germany | 283 | −32.6 | 7.6 | 30.12 |
12 | Greece | 546 | 230.4 | 15.1 | 29.64 |
13 | Hungary | 254 | −61.6 | 13.0 | 33.40 |
14 | Ireland | 239 | −76.6 | 11.7 | 29.33 |
15 | Italy | 379 | 63.4 | 7.6 | 18.64 |
16 | Latvia | 166 | −149.6 | 15.9 | 43.86 |
17 | Lithuania | 176 | −139.6 | 12.8 | 38.51 |
18 | Luxembourg | 318 | 2.4 | 8.7 | 44.36 |
19 | Malta | 911 | 595.4 | 6.9 | 12.24 |
20 | Netherlands | 369 | 53.4 | 2.3 | 9.38 |
21 | Poland | 246 | −69.6 | 12.1 | 30.26 |
22 | Portugal | 264 | −51.6 | 11.1 | 32.44 |
23 | Romania | 215 | −100.6 | 14.0 | 44.10 |
24 | Slovakia | 231 | −84.6 | 15.5 | 48.17 |
25 | Slovenia | 371 | 55.4 | 11.6 | 31.17 |
26 | Spain | 254 | −61.6 | 10.5 | 22.31 |
27 | Sweden | 258 | −57.6 | 11.2 | 52.11 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) average | 315.6 | - | 10.7 | 29.90 |
No. | Country/Item | AWU | Total Agricultural Output | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Value | AWU/ Farm | Total Value | Euro/ Farm | Euro/ AWU | ||
1 | Austria | 121.57 | 1.1 | 7645.59 | 69,003.5 | 62,890.4 |
2 | Belgium | 52.21 | 1.5 | 9057.99 | 251,610.8 | 173,491.5 |
3 | Bulgaria | 181.90 | 1.4 | 4021.96 | 30,308.7 | 22,110.8 |
4 | Croatia | 172.28 | 1.2 | 2422.11 | 16,831.9 | 14,059.1 |
5 | Cyprus | 19.13 | 0.6 | 759.14 | 22,262.2 | 39,683.2 |
6 | Czechia | 95.37 | 3.3 | 5632.71 | 194,903.5 | 59,061.7 |
7 | Denmark | 51.14 | 1.4 | 11,617.20 | 313,132.1 | 227,164.6 |
8 | Estonia | 17.28 | 1.5 | 995.34 | 87,310.5 | 57,600.7 |
9 | Finland | 65.59 | 1.4 | 4475.27 | 98,141.9 | 68,231.0 |
10 | France | 710.21 | 1.8 | 76,630.72 | 194,989.1 | 107,898.7 |
11 | Germany | 469.00 | 1.8 | 57,345.40 | 218,209.3 | 122,271.6 |
12 | Greece | 326.40 | 0.6 | 12,051.74 | 22,704.9 | 36,923.2 |
13 | Hungary | 326.94 | 1.4 | 8398.47 | 36,184.7 | 25,688.1 |
14 | Ireland | 156.94 | 1.2 | 8891.82 | 68,293.5 | 56,657.4 |
15 | Italy | 1059.30 | 0.9 | 57,833.34 | 51,044.4 | 54,595.8 |
16 | Latvia | 67.15 | 1.0 | 1727.16 | 25,031.3 | 25,720.9 |
17 | Lithuania | 125.26 | 0.9 | 3486.40 | 26,392.1 | 27,833.3 |
18 | Luxembourg | 3.55 | 1.9 | 439.85 | 231,500.0 | 123,901.4 |
19 | Malta | 5.40 | 0.7 | 121.09 | 15,726.0 | 22,424.1 |
20 | Netherlands | 156.70 | 3.0 | 28,235.59 | 536,798.3 | 180,188.8 |
21 | Poland | 1427.70 | 1.1 | 26,405.78 | 20,276.3 | 18,495.3 |
22 | Portugal | 233.36 | 0.8 | 8403.49 | 28,957.6 | 36,010.8 |
23 | Romania | 1090.00 | 0.4 | 16,824.17 | 5827.4 | 15,435.0 |
24 | Slovakia | 42.50 | 2.2 | 2348.02 | 119,796.9 | 55,247.5 |
25 | Slovenia | 74.05 | 1.0 | 1370.29 | 18,900.6 | 18,504.9 |
26 | Spain | 851.38 | 0.9 | 51,787.23 | 56,604.3 | 60,827.4 |
27 | Sweden | 57.41 | 1.0 | 6170.33 | 104,937.6 | 107,478.3 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 7959.72 | 0.9 | 415,098.18 | 45,761.0 | 52,149.8 |
No. | Country/Item | AWU | Total Agricultural Output | Gross Fixed Capital Formation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Value (Thousand) | AWU/ UAA | Total Value (Million Euro) | Euro/ UAA | Total Value (Million Euro) | Euro/ UAA | ||
1 | Austria | 121.57 | 0.05 | 7645.59 | 2937.6 | 2251.38 | 865.0 |
2 | Belgium | 52.21 | 0.04 | 9057.99 | 6620.8 | 1327.63 | 970.4 |
3 | Bulgaria | 181.90 | 0.04 | 4021.96 | 881.2 | 436.33 | 95.6 |
4 | Croatia | 172.28 | 0.11 | 2422.11 | 1608.9 | 201.40 | 133.8 |
5 | Cyprus | 19.13 | 0.14 | 759.14 | 5659.3 | 34.47 | 257.0 |
6 | Czechia | 95.37 | 0.03 | 5632.71 | 1612.8 | 972.94 | 278.6 |
7 | Denmark | 51.14 | 0.02 | 11,617.20 | 4417.3 | 1217.46 | 462.9 |
8 | Estonia | 17.28 | 0.02 | 995.34 | 1020.5 | 213.01 | 218.4 |
9 | Finland | 65.59 | 0.03 | 4475.27 | 1961.4 | 1186.00 | 519.8 |
10 | France | 710.21 | 0.03 | 76,630.72 | 2800.4 | 10,317.77 | 377.0 |
11 | Germany | 469.00 | 0.03 | 57,345.40 | 3455.6 | 9342.96 | 563.0 |
12 | Greece | 326.40 | 0.08 | 12,051.74 | 3077.1 | 1792.99 | 457.8 |
13 | Hungary | 326.94 | 0.07 | 8398.47 | 1706.4 | 1148.20 | 233.3 |
14 | Ireland | 156.94 | 0.03 | 8891.82 | 1807.2 | 1127.24 | 229.1 |
15 | Italy | 1059.30 | 0.08 | 57,833.34 | 4618.0 | 8262.10 | 659.7 |
16 | Latvia | 67.15 | 0.03 | 1727.16 | 877.2 | 243.12 | 123.5 |
17 | Lithuania | 125.26 | 0.04 | 3486.40 | 1196.2 | 543.30 | 186.4 |
18 | Luxembourg | 3.55 | 0.03 | 439.85 | 3328.7 | 99.55 | 753.4 |
19 | Malta | 5.40 | 0.55 | 121.09 | 12,356.1 | 11.78 | 1202.0 |
20 | Netherlands | 156.70 | 0.09 | 28,235.59 | 15,532.0 | 4984.88 | 2742.1 |
21 | Poland | 1427.70 | 0.10 | 26,405.78 | 1786.1 | 1370.46 | 92.7 |
22 | Portugal | 233.36 | 0.06 | 8403.49 | 2120.0 | 1129.79 | 285.0 |
23 | Romania | 1090.00 | 0.09 | 16,824.17 | 1318.2 | 1612.95 | 126.4 |
24 | Slovakia | 42.50 | 0.02 | 2348.02 | 1260.6 | 132.89 | 71.3 |
25 | Slovenia | 74.05 | 0.15 | 1370.29 | 2834.5 | 236.44 | 489.1 |
26 | Spain | 851.38 | 0.04 | 51,787.23 | 2165.6 | 4823.95 | 201.7 |
27 | Sweden | 57.41 | 0.02 | 6170.33 | 2052.8 | 1148.45 | 382.1 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 7959.72 | 0.05 | 415,098.18 | 2637.0 | 56,169.44 | 356.8 |
No. | Country/Item | Crop Output | Animal Output | Agricultural Services Output | Secondary Activities | Total Output |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Austria | 3324.96 | 3582.74 | 290.38 | 447.51 | 7645.59 |
2 | Belgium | 4110.79 | 4711.29 | 199.43 | 36.48 | 9057.99 |
3 | Bulgaria | 2678.21 | 1003.17 | 236.24 | 104.34 | 4021.96 |
4 | Croatia | 1434.10 | 832.76 | 94.52 | 60.73 | 2422.11 |
5 | Cyprus | 285.56 | 455.65 | 0.37 | 17.56 | 759.14 |
6 | Czechia | 3302.55 | 1988.06 | 151.17 | 190.93 | 5632.71 |
7 | Denmark | 3888.43 | 6957.68 | 599.96 | 171.13 | 11,617.20 |
8 | Estonia | 484.27 | 414.87 | 63.47 | 32.73 | 995.34 |
9 | Finland | 1556.81 | 2286.14 | 135.54 | 496.78 | 4475.27 |
10 | France | 42,670.67 | 26,458.82 | 5030.30 | 2470.93 | 76,630.72 |
11 | Germany | 27,528.47 | 26,416.83 | 2432.78 | 967.32 | 57,345.40 |
12 | Greece | 8504.76 | 2353.60 | 304.98 | 888.40 | 12,051.74 |
13 | Hungary | 4939.01 | 2858.23 | 469.78 | 131.45 | 8398.47 |
14 | Ireland | 1927.02 | 6534.02 | 430.78 | 0.00 | 8891.82 |
15 | Italy | 32,824.79 | 15,506.83 | 4914.08 | 4587.64 | 57,833.34 |
16 | Latvia | 1029.04 | 533.19 | 34.74 | 130.19 | 1727.16 |
17 | Lithuania | 2167.28 | 930.18 | 42.60 | 346.34 | 3486.40 |
18 | Luxembourg | 152.19 | 248.98 | 3.21 | 35.47 | 439.85 |
19 | Malta | 43.55 | 70.72 | 0.00 | 6.82 | 121.09 |
20 | Netherlands | 13,952.68 | 10,634.50 | 2817.38 | 831.03 | 28,235.59 |
21 | Poland | 12,925.06 | 12,799.27 | 592.36 | 89.09 | 26,405.78 |
22 | Portugal | 4914.59 | 2992.37 | 235.94 | 260.59 | 8403.49 |
23 | Romania | 10,914.36 | 4047.46 | 379.56 | 1482.79 | 16,824.17 |
24 | Slovakia | 1288.88 | 755.29 | 165.47 | 138.38 | 2348.02 |
25 | Slovenia | 790.65 | 546.39 | 33.25 | 0.00 | 1370.29 |
26 | Spain | 30,484.60 | 19,732.35 | 609.93 | 960.35 | 51,787.23 |
27 | Sweden | 2892.09 | 2754.47 | 378.43 | 145.34 | 6170.33 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 221,015.36 | 158,405.87 | 20,646.67 | 15,030.28 | 415,098.18 |
No. | Country/Item | Gross Value Added (GVA) | Total Intermediate Consumption | Fixed Capital Consumption | Other Taxes on Production | Other Subsidies on Production | Factor Income | Factor Income/UAA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Austria | 2472.3 | 6504.04 | 812.30 | 2.84 | 622.62 | 2249.16 | 864.1 |
2 | Belgium | 3122.3 | 4410.47 | 1878.16 | 155.95 | 1488.53 | 2498.79 | 1826.6 |
3 | Bulgaria | 1748.4 | 2181.84 | 453.27 | 7.70 | 1125.64 | 2342.56 | 513.3 |
4 | Croatia | 1153.2 | 1291.14 | 316.27 | 0.00 | 491.92 | 1349.12 | 896.4 |
5 | Cyprus | 362.3 | 401.38 | 15.79 | 10.07 | 66.85 | 407.37 | 3040.1 |
6 | Czechia | 1935.1 | 3652.94 | 773.94 | 43.20 | 1224.29 | 2318.90 | 663.9 |
7 | Denmark | 3567.8 | 7832.34 | 1141.14 | 138.39 | 883.15 | 3075.26 | 1169.3 |
8 | Estonia | 256.7 | 742.55 | 150.57 | 3.93 | 239.08 | 342.68 | 351.5 |
9 | Finland | 1469.8 | 2961.59 | 1221.90 | 0.00 | 1531.32 | 1757.78 | 770.3 |
10 | France | 30,910.8 | 44,481.16 | 10,554.53 | 1533.83 | 8009.23 | 25,994.09 | 949.9 |
11 | Germany | 20,457.7 | 36,231.50 | 10,738.98 | 251.68 | 6487.51 | 15,590.69 | 939.5 |
12 | Greece | 6221.0 | 5880.03 | 1197.55 | 400.51 | 2539.28 | 7214.77 | 1841.9 |
13 | Hungary | 3420.4 | 5055.95 | 1085.52 | 32.76 | 1386.93 | 3742.56 | 760.4 |
14 | Ireland | 3276.7 | 5704.41 | 1009.48 | 38.22 | 1727.31 | 4008.48 | 814.7 |
15 | Italy | 32,470.8 | 24,959.42 | 10,071.44 | 604.01 | 4187.27 | 25,466.58 | 2033.4 |
16 | Latvia | 590.1 | 1138.40 | 142.80 | 20.41 | 317.54 | 745.14 | 378.4 |
17 | Lithuania | 1499.8 | 1958.05 | 391.10 | 1.11 | 246.36 | 1332.37 | 457.1 |
18 | Luxembourg | 126.1 | 299.70 | 95.61 | 1.77 | 71.59 | 94.62 | 716.8 |
19 | Malta | 53.4 | 66.69 | 7.25 | 0.00 | 29.07 | 74.41 | 7441.0 |
20 | Netherlands | 10,571.7 | 17,329.60 | 4306.92 | 348.52 | 1436.30 | 7152.50 | 3934.3 |
21 | Poland | 10,305.6 | 15,968.14 | 1767.85 | 438.26 | 4002.03 | 12,017.04 | 812.8 |
22 | Portugal | 3305.1 | 4998.24 | 850.62 | 49.64 | 886.29 | 3226.19 | 813.9 |
23 | Romania | 8273.6 | 8391.82 | 4251.80 | 24.95 | 2379.80 | 6222.99 | 487.6 |
24 | Slovakia | 641.8 | 1666.71 | 262.90 | 51.14 | 580.53 | 893.47 | 479.6 |
25 | Slovenia | 589.1 | 771.48 | 271.77 | 3.29 | 268.20 | 574.90 | 1190.3 |
26 | Spain | 27,841.4 | 23,655.81 | 5463.74 | 443.99 | 5634.78 | 27,231.24 | 1138.7 |
27 | Sweden | 1727.4 | 4313.12 | 1075.91 | 0.00 | 887.20 | 1488.27 | 495.1 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 178,370.6 | 232,848.51 | 63,202.23 | 4726.95 | 52,208.28 | 166,170.61 | 1055.6 |
No. | Country/Item | Output of the Agricultural Industry | Total Intermediate Consumption | Fixed Capital Consumption | Compensation of Employees | Rents and Other Charges to be Paid | Interest Paid | Interest Received | Output/Input Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Austria | 7645.59 | 6504.04 | 812.30 | 466.2 | 225.0 | 21.4 | 102.5 | 0.965 |
2 | Belgium | 9057.99 | 4410.47 | 1878.16 | 682.3 | 244.3 | 234.4 | 0.0 | 1.216 |
3 | Bulgaria | 4021.96 | 2181.84 | 453.27 | 543.6 | 595.1 | 31.2 | 11.9 | 1.060 |
4 | Croatia | 2422.11 | 1291.14 | 316.27 | 153.7 | 41.7 | 26.8 | 10.2 | 1.329 |
5 | Cyprus | 759.14 | 401.38 | 15.79 | 90.9 | 11.1 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 1.451 |
6 | Czechia | 5632.71 | 3652.94 | 773.94 | 1246.4 | 325.0 | 65.1 | 30.6 | 0.934 |
7 | Denmark | 11,617.20 | 7832.34 | 1141.14 | 1184.8 | 591.9 | 51.7 | 83.7 | 1.083 |
8 | Estonia | 995.34 | 742.55 | 150.57 | 157.8 | 37.1 | 21.2 | 1.3 | 0.899 |
9 | Finland | 4475.27 | 2961.59 | 1221.90 | 408.9 | 197.1 | 88.7 | : | 0.917 |
10 | France | 76,630.72 | 44,481.16 | 10,554.53 | 7602.6 | 2426.4 | 470.8 | 62.0 | 1.170 |
11 | Germany | 57,345.40 | 36,231.50 | 10,738.98 | 5519.4 | 3349.4 | 889.4 | 37.7 | 1.012 |
12 | Greece | 12,051.74 | 5880.03 | 1197.55 | 650.9 | 436.5 | 209.2 | 0.0 | 1.439 |
13 | Hungary | 8398.47 | 5055.95 | 1085.52 | 1288.8 | 416.5 | 10.0 | 16.2 | 1.071 |
14 | Ireland | 8891.82 | 5704.41 | 1009.48 | 812.0 | 477.5 | 34.5 | 0.0 | 1.106 |
15 | Italy | 57,833.34 | 24,959.42 | 10,071.44 | 8073.1 | 1556.7 | 1014.6 | 0.0 | 1.266 |
16 | Latvia | 1727.16 | 1138.40 | 142.80 | 188.7 | 43.3 | 7.9 | 1.1 | 1.136 |
17 | Lithuania | 3486.40 | 1958.05 | 391.10 | 409.8 | 98.6 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 1.216 |
18 | Luxembourg | 439.85 | 299.70 | 95.61 | 31.0 | 20.5 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.979 |
19 | Malta | 121.09 | 66.69 | 7.25 | 5.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.509 |
20 | Netherlands | 28,235.59 | 17,329.60 | 4306.92 | 3134.2 | 673.4 | 724.1 | 82.6 | 1.082 |
21 | Poland | 26,405.78 | 15,968.14 | 1767.85 | 1750.0 | 106.3 | 221.9 | 34.6 | 1.334 |
22 | Portugal | 8403.49 | 4998.24 | 850.62 | 1024.4 | 34.8 | 169.3 | 6.4 | 1.188 |
23 | Romania | 16,824.17 | 8391.82 | 4251.80 | 1103.0 | 140.1 | 125.1 | 6.2 | 1.201 |
24 | Slovakia | 2348.02 | 1666.71 | 262.90 | 590.8 | 85.6 | 44.0 | 7.8 | 0.889 |
25 | Slovenia | 1370.29 | 771.48 | 271.77 | 76.8 | 21.0 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 1.199 |
26 | Spain | 51,787.23 | 23,655.81 | 5463.74 | 5842.7 | 1377.2 | 364.7 | : | 1.411 |
27 | Sweden | 6170.33 | 4313.12 | 1075.91 | 330.0 | 301.6 | 167.8 | 46.0 | 1.005 |
28 | EU 27 (from 2020) | 415,098.18 | 232,848.51 | 63,202.23 | 43,368.1 | 13,834.3 | 5012.7 | 541.9 | 1.160 |
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Coca, O.; Creangă, D.; Viziteu, Ș.; Brumă, I.S.; Ștefan, G. Analysis of the Determinants of Agriculture Performance at the European Union Level. Agriculture 2023, 13, 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030616
Coca O, Creangă D, Viziteu Ș, Brumă IS, Ștefan G. Analysis of the Determinants of Agriculture Performance at the European Union Level. Agriculture. 2023; 13(3):616. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030616
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoca, Oana, Diana Creangă, Ștefan Viziteu, Ioan Sebastian Brumă, and Gavril Ștefan. 2023. "Analysis of the Determinants of Agriculture Performance at the European Union Level" Agriculture 13, no. 3: 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030616