Figure 1.
The Rosa ‘Hurdal’ (
a); single-node leaf cutting prepared for experiment (
b); planted cuttings (
c); phenological stages of shoots for cuttings’ preparation, as they figure in this work named and in BBCH scale (Meier et al. 2009) (
d): H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); H4—7 × 14 days after shedding petals (70,701; fruit set: beginning of hip berry − growth on the main stem); (
e) the quality of the root system (degree of rooting) on a 5-point valuation scale: 1—only callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by length; 5—strong roots, starting to form a root ball, well developed. Stages (
Figure 1d) according to BBCH scale in roses [
13] lasted 16 days and are denoted in the work by the letter H: H1—27 May, 54,504 (flower buds still closed), H2—1 June, 69,605 (full flowering; at least 50% of flowers open), H3—6 June, 69,629 (end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen), H4—11 June, 70,701 (fruit set: beginning of berry growth on the main stem) (
Figure 1d).
Figure 1.
The Rosa ‘Hurdal’ (
a); single-node leaf cutting prepared for experiment (
b); planted cuttings (
c); phenological stages of shoots for cuttings’ preparation, as they figure in this work named and in BBCH scale (Meier et al. 2009) (
d): H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); H4—7 × 14 days after shedding petals (70,701; fruit set: beginning of hip berry − growth on the main stem); (
e) the quality of the root system (degree of rooting) on a 5-point valuation scale: 1—only callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by length; 5—strong roots, starting to form a root ball, well developed. Stages (
Figure 1d) according to BBCH scale in roses [
13] lasted 16 days and are denoted in the work by the letter H: H1—27 May, 54,504 (flower buds still closed), H2—1 June, 69,605 (full flowering; at least 50% of flowers open), H3—6 June, 69,629 (end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen), H4—11 June, 70,701 (fruit set: beginning of berry growth on the main stem) (
Figure 1d).
Figure 2.
Rooting percentage in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 2.
Rooting percentage in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 3.
Rooting degree in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 3.
Rooting degree in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 4.
Fresh weight of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 4.
Fresh weight of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 5.
Percentage of cuttings with retained stock plant leaf in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 5.
Percentage of cuttings with retained stock plant leaf in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 6.
Percentage of cuttings with new shoot in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 6.
Percentage of cuttings with new shoot in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 7.
Total leaf area (mm2) in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 7.
Total leaf area (mm2) in Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 8.
Content of chlorophyll a (mg·g−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 8.
Content of chlorophyll a (mg·g−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 9.
Content of chlorophyll b (mg·g−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 9.
Content of chlorophyll b (mg·g−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 10.
Content of carotenoids (mg·g−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 10.
Content of carotenoids (mg·g−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 11.
Content of soluble proteins (μg·mg−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Figure 11.
Content of soluble proteins (μg·mg−1 FW) in leaves of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ cuttings prepared from three phenological stages (H1–H3) of shoots and rooted in two rooting substrates after treatment by rooting enhancers. B1—peat–perlite; B2—peat–sand; H1—flower buds closed (BBCH 54,504; flower buds still closed); H2—flowers opened (69,605; full flowering, at least 50% of flowers open); H3—immediately after petal shedding (69,629; end of flowering of second order stem: all petals fallen); and treated: T1—the control cuttings; T2—0.4% IBA (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua); T3—0.2% NAA (Ukorzeniacz Baqua); T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9—Algae Extract: watering with 0.4% or 0.6% Bio Rhizotonic (10 mL) 1, 2, or 3 times (after planting and 10 and 20 days later); T10, T11, T12—Organic Preparation—watering with 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% Root Juice™ (10 mL) after planting; T13, T14—Plant Extract—watering with 0.012% or 0.02% Bio Roots (10 mL) after planting. The degree of rooting on a 5-point scale: 1—only a callus, without formed roots; 2—at least one short root; 3—a few longer roots; 4—roots visibly developed, differentiated by the length; 5—strong roots starting to form a root ball, well developed. Vertical bars denote 95% confidence intervals for the mean of counts (one-way ANOVA).
Table 1.
The treatment of cuttings of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ at each phenological phase of the experiment.
Table 1.
The treatment of cuttings of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ at each phenological phase of the experiment.
No. of Treatments | The Treatment of Cuttings | Name in Tables and Figures |
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1 | Control (water treatment) | Control |
2 | 0.4% IBA; at the time of planting | IBA |
3 | 0.2% NAA; at the time of planting | NAA |
4 | 0.4% Algae Extract | watering (10 mL) after planting | RH 0.4 × 1 |
5 | 0.6% Algae Extract | RH 0.6 × 1 |
6 | 0.4% Algae Extract | watering (10 mL) after planting and 10 days later | RH 0.4 × 2 |
7 | 0.6% Algae Extract | RH 0.6 × 2 |
8 | 0.4% Algae Extract | watering (10 mL) after planting, 10 and 20 days later | RH 0.4 × 3 |
9 | 0.6% Algae Extract | RH 0.6 × 3 |
10 | 0.1% Organic preparation | watering (10 mL) after planting | RJ 0.1 |
11 | 0.2% Organic preparation | RJ 0.2 |
12 | 0.4% Organic preparation | RJ 0.4 |
13 | 0.012% Plant Extract | BR 0.012 |
14 | 0.02% Plant Extract | BR 0.02 |