Effect Mechanism of Solar Radiation on Maize Yield Formation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Sampling and Measurement
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Shading on Maize Yields under Different Planting Densities
3.2. Effects of Shading on Maize Ear Number and Barrenness
3.3. Effects of Shading on Maize Ear Traits and the Relationships between PAR and Both the Number of Kernels Per Row and the Grain Abortion Rate
3.4. Quantitative Relationships between Grain Weights and Accumulated Solar Radiation
3.5. Relationships between Ear Characteristics and Maize Yields
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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2019 | 2020 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Ear Density (104 ha−1) | Decrease Rate (%) | Earless Plant Rate (%) | Ear Density (104 ha−1) | Decrease Rate (%) | Earless Plant Rate (%) |
DH−D1−CK | 7.7 a | 0.0 b | 7.8 a | 0.8 a | ||
DH−D1−S1 | 7.6 a | 0.8 | 1.6 b | 6.8 b | 12.4 | 0.0 a |
DH−D1−S2 | 7.4 a | 3.9 | 1.6 b | 7.5 ab | 4.7 | 0.7 a |
DH−D1−S3 | 4.7 b | 38.6 | 29.2 a | 6.7 c | 14.0 | 3.2 a |
DH−D2−CK | 11.2 a | 0.0 b | 11.7 a | 4.3 b | ||
DH−D2−S1 | 10.9 a | 2.7 | 3.4 b | 11.0 a | 6.5 | 2.0 ab |
DH−D2−S2 | 11.0 a | 2.2 | 8.1 b | 11.3 a | 3.9 | 1.0 ab |
DH−D2−S3 | 2.0 b | 82.0 | 73.6 a | 10.2 b | 12.7 | 6.1 a |
XY−D1−CK | 7.6 a | 0.0 b | 7.7 a | 0.8 a | ||
XY−D1−S1 | 7.4 a | 3.6 | 2.4 b | 7.5 a | 2.4 | 1.6 a |
XY−D1−S2 | 7.1 a | 7.1 | 4.3 b | 7.5 a | 3.1 | 0.8 a |
XY−D1−S3 | 4.4 b | 42.1 | 17.2 a | 7.0 b | 8.7 | 2.3 a |
XY−D2−CK | 10.0 a | 0.0 b | 11.5 a | 0.4 b | ||
XY−D2−S1 | 10.0 a | 0.0 | 0.0 b | 11.6 a | −0.8 | 1.0 b |
XY−D2−S2 | 10.0 a | 0.0 | 0.0 b | 10.9 b | 5.5 | 4.4 b |
XY−D2−S3 | 3.4 b | 66.1 | 46.7 a | 10.1 c | 12.9 | 12.2 a |
ZD−D1−CK | 8.8 a | 0.0 b | 8.1 a | 0.8 a | ||
ZD−D1−S1 | 8.5 a | 2.8 | 0.0 b | 7.9 a | 3.0 | 0.8 a |
ZD−D1−S2 | 8.0 a | 9.0 | 0.8 b | 7.8 a | 3.7 | 0.8 a |
ZD−D1−S3 | 4.5 b | 48.3 | 14.1 a | 7.4 b | 9.0 | 0.0 a |
ZD−D2−CK | 11.3 a | 0.0 b | 12.3 a | 0.5 b | ||
ZD−D2−S1 | 10.6 a | 5.6 | 1.1 b | 12.1 ab | 1.5 | 0.0 b |
ZD−D2−S2 | 11.1 a | 1.6 | 2.8 b | 11.8 ab | 3.7 | 1.5 ab |
ZD−D2−S3 | 2.8 b | 82.0 | 22.1 a | 11.5 b | 5.9 | 4.3 a |
2019 | 2020 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | No. of Rows Per Ear | No. of Kernels Per Row | Bald Tip Length (cm) | Kernel Abortion Rate (%) | No. of Rows Per Ear | No. of Kernels Per Row | Bald Tip Length (cm) | Kernel Abortion Rate (%) |
DH−D1−CK | 16.0 a | 35.8 a | 0.6 c | 9.2 b | 15.7 a | 38.5 a | 0.7 c | 29.1 c |
DH−D1−S1 | 16.0 a | 35.4 a | 2.0 bc | 5.4 b | 15.7 a | 37.2 ab | 1.4 bc | 34.4 b |
DH−D1−S2 | 15.0 a | 35.0 a | 1.5 b | 9.9 b | 15.3 a | 34.5 b | 2.0 b | 44.4 a |
DH−D1−S3 | 15.2 a | 16.8 b | 3.6 a | 52.3 a | 15.7 a | 27.8 c | 5.6 a | 46.8 a |
DH−D2−CK | 15.0 ab | 31.2 a | 2.1 c | 27.2 c | 15.3 a | 33.7 a | 2.9 b | 39.1 b |
DH−D2−S1 | 15.5 a | 25.5 b | 3.0 ab | 25.9 c | 16.0 a | 31.8 a | 3.6 b | 40.8 b |
DH−D2−S2 | 14.4 ab | 26.0 b | 3.1 a | 33.2 b | 16.3 a | 24.8 b | 4.3 ab | 54.1 a |
DH−D2−S3 | 12.6 b | 14.4 c | 2.4 bc | 60.6 a | 16.4 a | 18.2 c | 5.9 a | 57.5 a |
XY−D1−CK | 16.0 a | 38.3 a | 1.4 b | 19.2 c | 16.0 a | 40.3 a | 2.0 b | 26.4 b |
XY−D1−S1 | 16.8 a | 39.0 a | 1.1 b | 22.2 c | 17.7 a | 35.5 b | 2.3 b | 32.9 ab |
XY−D1−S2 | 16.8 a | 34.0 b | 1.7 ab | 32.0 b | 17.7 a | 29.0 c | 4.2 a | 37.2 a |
XY−D1−S3 | 16.4 a | 18.4 c | 2.7 a | 60.2 a | 16.8 a | 25.2 d | 5.0 a | 38.8 a |
XY−D2−CK | 16.0 a | 36.6 a | 2.2 b | 19.5 c | 17.3 a | 33.6 a | 4.4 bc | 44.1 b |
XY−D2−S1 | 16.0 a | 32.4 b | 2.7 ab | 41.4 b | 15 a | 30.0 a | 4.3 c | 44.3 b |
XY−D2−S2 | 15.2 ab | 29.4 b | 2.4 ab | 43.5 b | 16 a | 23.8 b | 5.2 ab | 56.0 a |
XY−D2−S3 | 14.8 b | 17.2 c | 3.5 a | 79.9 a | 17 a | 16.5 c | 5.5 a | 58.8 a |
ZD−D1−CK | 17.2 a | 34.0 a | 0.9 a | 12.7 a | 15.0 a | 37.2 a | 1.8 b | 30.7 b |
ZD−D1−S1 | 15.6 ab | 34.8 a | 1.3 a | 14.5 a | 16.3 a | 38.0 a | 2.0 b | 32.8 b |
ZD−D1−S2 | 17.2 a | 32.8 a | 0.8 a | 19.5 a | 15.7 a | 31.7 a | 2.8 b | 43.0 a |
ZD−D1−S3 | 15.0 b | 26.0 b | 2.0 a | 43.9 a | 15.3 a | 24.8 b | 4.1 a | 44.0 a |
ZD−D2−CK | 16.0 a | 33.8 a | 1.8 a | 26.3 b | 16.0 a | 31.8 a | 2.4 b | 21.6 b |
ZD−D2−S1 | 14.8 a | 30.0 a | 1.8 a | 41.1 a | 15.3 a | 29.3 ab | 2.3 b | 33.1 a |
ZD−D2−S2 | 14.8 a | 29.8 a | 1.2 a | 42.6 a | 15.0 a | 26.8 b | 3.3 ab | 39.5 a |
ZD−D2−S3 | 15.0 a | 16.7 b | 1.6 a | 72.0 a | 15.7 a | 26.7 b | 4.1 a | 36.0 a |
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Yang, Y.; Liu, G.; Guo, X.; Liu, W.; Xue, J.; Ming, B.; Xie, R.; Wang, K.; Li, S.; Hou, P. Effect Mechanism of Solar Radiation on Maize Yield Formation. Agriculture 2022, 12, 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122170
Yang Y, Liu G, Guo X, Liu W, Xue J, Ming B, Xie R, Wang K, Li S, Hou P. Effect Mechanism of Solar Radiation on Maize Yield Formation. Agriculture. 2022; 12(12):2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122170
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yunshan, Guangzhou Liu, Xiaoxia Guo, Wanmao Liu, Jun Xue, Bo Ming, Ruizhi Xie, Keru Wang, Shaokun Li, and Peng Hou. 2022. "Effect Mechanism of Solar Radiation on Maize Yield Formation" Agriculture 12, no. 12: 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122170