Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Affected by Meteorological Factors in an Agroecosystem
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Collection and Preservation
2.3. Genitalia Extraction and Identification
2.4. Relative Abundance (RA) Percentage
2.5. Spatial and Temporal Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.6.1. Pooled OLS
2.6.2. Fixed Effect Model
Fixed Effect Hypothesis Testing
3. Results
3.1. Abundance of Noctuid Moths
3.2. Effect of Meteorological Factors on Species Abundance
3.3. Temporal Distribution
3.4. Spatial Distribution
3.5. Noctuid Moth Abundance from Different Habitats
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Traps | Coordinates | Habitat | Location |
---|---|---|---|
T1 | 29.7591 N; 71.3203 E | Cotton, Rice, Maize, Tomato | Crop area/Near urban |
T2 | 29.8255 N; 71.5593 E | Maize, Rice, Mung bean | Crop area/Near urban |
T3 | 29.9017 N; 71.2915 E | Forest | Forest area/Near urban |
T4 | 30.0468 N; 71.5044 E | Forest | Forest area/Near urban |
T5 | 30.1491 N; 71.4387 E | Forest | Forest area/Near urban |
T6 | 30.0960 N; 71.6275 E | Rice, Maize, Sugarcane | Crop area/Near urban |
T7 | 30.2497 N; 71.7916 E | Maize, Cotton, Cabbage, Tomato, Okra | Crop area/Away urban |
T8 | 30.3138 N; 71.4565 E | Cotton, Cabbage, Okra, Grasses | Crop area/Away urban |
T9 | 30.3440 N; 71.6446 E | Cotton, Maize | Crop area/Away urban |
T10 | 30.0080 N; 71.3404 E | Cotton, Maize, tomato, Sorghum | Crop area/Away urban |
T11 | 30.2646 N; 71.5526 E | Maize, Cotton, Cabbage, Okra | Crop area/Away urban |
Rank | Species Name | Abundance | Relative Abundance (%) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | T9 | T10 | T11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | S. litura | 3171 | 18.6% | 595 | 187 | 43 | 72 | 80 | 84 | 401 | 262 | 522 | 574 | 351 |
2 | H. Tripoli | 2074 | 12.2% | 325 | 212 | 17 | 26 | 69 | 74 | 253 | 188 | 322 | 289 | 299 |
3 | H. jahangiri | 1813 | 10.6% | 484 | 219 | 19 | 59 | 42 | 0 | 292 | 0 | 464 | 234 | 0 |
4 | H. armigera | 1724 | 10.1% | 187 | 98 | 81 | 87 | 48 | 127 | 221 | 189 | 197 | 246 | 243 |
5 | S. exigua | 1480 | 8.7% | 267 | 93 | 59 | 66 | 60 | 151 | 297 | 0 | 286 | 201 | 0 |
6 | S. furgiperda | 1034 | 6.1% | 24 | 121 | 11 | 28 | 164 | 212 | 414 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 |
7 | H. stigmosa | 721 | 4.2% | 96 | 104 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 112 | 68 | 72 | 132 | 122 |
8 | A. ipsilon | 486 | 2.8% | 17 | 18 | 0 | 4 | 31 | 0 | 61 | 118 | 53 | 93 | 91 |
9 | C. placodoides | 449 | 2.6% | 77 | 39 | 74 | 49 | 25 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 118 |
10 | A. album | 442 | 2.6% | 42 | 11 | 41 | 25 | 32 | 65 | 0 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 117 |
11 | C. replete | 366 | 2.1% | 37 | 28 | 52 | 21 | 48 | 27 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 |
12 | A. cinerea | 352 | 2.1% | 15 | 19 | 43 | 15 | 29 | 0 | 47 | 110 | 0 | 28 | 46 |
13 | E. insulana | 348 | 2% | 21 | 24 | 12 | 9 | 15 | 22 | 73 | 0 | 74 | 98 | 0 |
14 | M. loreyi | 323 | 1.9% | 0 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 21 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 56 | 93 | 102 |
15 | L. oleracea | 293 | 1.7% | 8 | 0 | 34 | 31 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 116 |
16 | E. vitella | 281 | 1.6% | 24 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 24 | 29 | 67 | 0 | 47 | 34 | 0 |
17 | E. conducta | 279 | 1.6% | 0 | 0 | 16 | 24 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 65 | 63 | 56 | 0 |
18 | M. brassicae | 276 | 1.6% | 5 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 173 |
19 | H. platigera | 240 | 1.4% | 24 | 11 | 16 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 87 |
20 | L. venalba | 237 | 1.4% | 0 | 0 | 22 | 32 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 85 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
21 | C. albostriata | 203 | 1.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 97 |
22 | A. decisissima | 185 | 1.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 47 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 62 |
23 | D. hoenei | 160 | 0.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 30 | 0 | 53 | 55 | 0 | 0 |
24 | C. furthatai | 83 | 0.5% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
Total Individuals | N = 17020 | ΣN = 100% | N1 = 2248 | N2 = 1203 | N3 = 579 | N4 = 616 | N5 = 740 | N6 = 1056 | N7 = 2636 | N8 = 1430 | N9 = 2261 | N10 = 2094 | N11 = 2157 |
Species | Temperature (°C) | Humidity (%) | Rainfall (mm) | SE | Pooled OLS (F-Test) Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | p Value | Coefficient | p Value | Coefficient | p Value | |||
H. stigmosa | 1.08 * | <0.0001 | 0.90 * | <0.0001 | −6.14 * | <0.0001 | 6.39 | 9.28× 1014 |
H. trifoli | 3.11 * | <0.0001 | 2.40 * | <0.0001 | −16.68 * | <0.0001 | 12.12 | 1.40 × 1023 |
H. jahangiri | 2.43 * | <0.0001 | 1.70 * | <0.0001 | −13.18 * | <0.0001 | 14.27 | 4.67 × 1021 |
S. litura | 4.37 * | <0.0001 | 3.12 * | <0.0001 | −22.38 * | <0.0001 | 17.23 | 3.51× 1026 |
S. exigua | 2.13 * | <0.0001 | 1.47 * | <0.0001 | −11.21 * | <0.0001 | 9.83 | 3.78× 1022 |
H. armigera | 2.83 * | <0.0001 | 2.17 * | <0.0001 | −14.69 * | <0.0001 | 8.53 | 6.22× 1029 |
H. platigera | 0.48 * | <0.0001 | 0.46 * | <0.0001 | −2.78 * | <0.0001 | 3.50 | 1.14× 1012 |
C. placodoides | 1.02 * | <0.0001 | 0.96 * | <0.0001 | −6.24 * | <0.0001 | 5.74 | 3.31× 1013 |
C. repleta | 0.85 * | <0.0001 | 0.78 * | <0.0001 | −4.92 * | <0.0001 | 3.86 | 1.55 × 1017 |
A. ipsilon | 0.95 * | <0.0001 | 0.92 * | <0.0001 | −5.40 * | <0.0001 | 5.31 | 1.39 × 1014 |
A. cinerea | 0.78 * | <0.0001 | 0.82 * | <0.0001 | −4.57 * | <0.0001 | 3.98 | 1.77 × 1016 |
A. album | 1.03 * | <0.0001 | 1.01 * | <0.0001 | −5.83 * | <0.0001 | 5.46 | 3.97 × 1015 |
A. decisissima | 0.32 * | <0.0001 | 0.26 * | <0.0001 | −1.73 * | <0.0001 | 2.70 | 2.72 × 1011 |
E. insulana | 0.77 * | <0.0001 | 0.79 * | <0.0001 | −4.20 * | <0.0001 | 4.09 | 2.15 × 1016 |
E. vitelli | 0.64 * | <0.0001 | 0.67 * | <0.0001 | −3.33 * | <0.0001 | 3.07 | 1.56 × 1016 |
C. furithatai | 0.17 * | <0.0001 | 0.18 * | <0.0001 | 0.90 * | 0.0018 | 1.93 | 3.38 × 1007 |
L. oleracea | 0.58 * | <0.0001 | 0.52 * | <0.0001 | −2.84 * | <0.0001 | 4.49 | 7.14 × 1011 |
E. conducta | 0.57 * | <0.0001 | 0.56 * | <0.0001 | −2.86 * | <0.0001 | 3.70 | 1.48 × 1012 |
L. venalba | 0.51 * | <0.0001 | 0.50 * | <0.0001 | −2.67 * | <0.0001 | 3.72 | 3.35 × 1011 |
D. hoenei | 0.32 * | <0.0001 | 0.32 * | <0.0001 | −1.79 * | <0.0001 | 2.97 | 2.05 × 1008 |
C. albostriata | 0.39 * | <0.0001 | 0.37 * | <0.0001 | −2.12 * | 0.0002 | 3.77 | 2.33 × 1010 |
M. loreyi | 0.67 * | <0.0001 | 0.66 * | <0.0001 | −3.83 * | <0.0001 | 4.16 | 1.47 × 1014 |
M. brassicae | 0.52 * | <0.0001 | 0.53 * | <0.0001 | −2.99 * | 0.0003 | 5.54 | 2.62 × 1011 |
S. furgiperda | 0.84 * | <0.0001 | 0.51 * | 0.0036 | −3.91 * | 0.0007 | 7.64 | 9.35 × 1025 |
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Hussain, Z.; Sarwar, Z.M.; Akbar, A.; Alhag, S.K.; Ahmed, N.; Alam, P.; Almadiy, A.A.; Zouidi, F.; Jawalkar, N.B. Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Affected by Meteorological Factors in an Agroecosystem. Agriculture 2022, 12, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122003
Hussain Z, Sarwar ZM, Akbar A, Alhag SK, Ahmed N, Alam P, Almadiy AA, Zouidi F, Jawalkar NB. Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Affected by Meteorological Factors in an Agroecosystem. Agriculture. 2022; 12(12):2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122003
Chicago/Turabian StyleHussain, Zafar, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Atif Akbar, Sadeq K. Alhag, Nazeer Ahmed, Pravej Alam, Abdulrahman A. Almadiy, Ferjeni Zouidi, and Nilesh Baburao Jawalkar. 2022. "Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Pest Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Affected by Meteorological Factors in an Agroecosystem" Agriculture 12, no. 12: 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122003