Influence of Baltic Agro-Environmental Conditions on Yield and Quality of Fava Bean Crops in Conventional Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Climatic Conditions
2.2. Crop Management, Site Characteristic, and Experimental Design
2.3. Measurements of Yield and Protein Content
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Meteorological Conditions and Plant Development
3.2. Plant Density Influence on Cultivar Yield and Quality Parameters
3.3. Plant Density Influence on Yield per Area and Plant Productivity
3.4. Economic Implications of Seeding Rate
3.5. Influence of Limited Precipitation on the Fava Bean Yield
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month | Decade | PHRC | ECRI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2016 | 2015 | 2016 | ||
May | I | −0.77 | −1.62 | 2.24 | −1.72 |
II | 2.15 | 5.36 | −1.75 | −2.34 | |
III | −1.42 | −1.97 | −1.35 | −2.52 | |
June | I | −1.72 | −1.72 | −1.70 | −0.86 |
II | −3.64 | −0.19 | −2.67 | 13.24 | |
III | −3.41 | −2.09 | 0.33 | −0.10 | |
July | I | −0.16 | 1.14 | −0.13 | 4.61 |
II | −2.22 | −0.75 | 1.35 | −1.85 | |
III | 2.61 | −0.99 | −1.01 | −2.43 | |
August | I | −2.81 | 1.81 | −3.32 | 5.14 |
II | −3.30 | 0.83 | −3.33 | 6.61 | |
III | −2.79 | −3.70 | −2.15 | 1.14 | |
September | I | −1.73 | −1.38 | 4.06 | −1.13 |
Parameter | Season | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2016 | ||||
ECRI | PHRC | ECRI | PHRC | ||
Soil (plot) preparation before sowing | Ploughing autumn 2015. Cultivation 2 times before sowing. | Ploughing autumn 2015. Cultivation 2 times. | Ploughing autumn 2016. Cultivation 2 times before sowing. | Ploughing autumn 2016. Cultivation 2 times before sowing. | |
Sowing date | 5 May 2016 | 8 May 2015 | 5 May 2016 | 9 May 2016 | |
Sowing depth (cm) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
Humus content (g kg−1) | 30.7 | 31.0 | 34.6 | 34.6 | |
Soil type | Calcaric cambisoil | Soddy-calcarous podzolic | |||
Soil texture | Sandy loam | Sandy loam | |||
Plant available P in soil (mg kg−1) | 67.7 | 127.6 | 59.6 | 127.6 | |
Plant available K in soil (mg kg−1) | 98.7 | 105.9 | 107.4 | 105.9 | |
pHKCl | 6.32 | 6.27 | 6.31 | 6.20 | |
Preceding crop | Barley | Perennial grasses | Oat | Perennial grasses | |
Fertilization | Type | N:P:K (5:10:25) | N:P:K (10:10:20) | N:P:K (7:12:25) | N:P:K (10:10:20) |
Amount (kg ha−1) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | |
Pest management | - | Decis Mega (deltametrin 50 g L−1) 150 Ml ha−1 (twice) | - | Decis Mega (deltametrin 50 g L−1) 150 mL ha−1. Actara (tiametoksam 250 g kg−1) 0.08 kg ha−1. | |
Weds management | Stomp (455 g L−1 pendimathalin) 1.5 L ha−1; Basagran (bentazon 480 g L−1) 1.5 L ha−1. Hand weeding | Hand weeding | Activus 330 (pendimethalin 330 g L−1) EC 3 L ha−1 + Basagran 480 (bentazon 480 g L−1) 1.5 L ha−1 | Hand weeding |
Location | ECRI | PHRC | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Estimates of the Variance Components | Z Value | Pr > Z | Estimates of the Variance Components | Z Value | Pr > Z |
Yield | ||||||
Year | 1.2637 | 0.6900 | 0.2466 | 0.0000 | --- Z | --- |
Block (year) | 0.1304 | 1.4000 | 0.0808 | 0.0000 | --- | --- |
Residual | 0.3066 | 5.6100 | <0.0001 | 0.1188 | 5.9200 | <0.0001 |
Protein content | ||||||
Year | 0.2560 | 0.6200 | 0.2682 | 0.6595 | 0.7000 | 0.2423 |
Block (year) | 0.1281 | 1.5200 | 0.0642 | 0.0000 | --- | --- |
Residual | 0.1770 | 5.6100 | <0.0001 | 0.3051 | 5.8700 | <0.0001 |
Factor Z | Degrees of Freedom | Yield | Protein Concentration | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECRI | PHRC | ECRI | PHRC | ||||||||||
Effect Y | F Value | p-Value | Effect | F Value | p-Value | Effect | F Value | p-Value | Effect | F Value | p-Value | ||
C | 4 | *** | 6.74 | 0.0001 | *** | 18.19 | <0.0001 | *** | 102.65 | <0.0001 | *** | 19.53 | <0.0001 |
D | 1 | N.s. | 0.29 | 0.5894 | N.s. | 0.08 | 0.7845 | N.s. | 1.65 | 0.2035 | N.s. | 0.00 | 0.9759 |
C × D | 4 | N.s. | 1.68 | 0.1646 | N.s. | 0.63 | 0.6445 | N.s. | 0.86 | 0.4943 | N.s. | 2.00 | 0.1049 |
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Lepse, L.; Vågen, I.M.; Zeipina, S.; Torp, T.; Olle, M.; Rosa, E.; Domínguez-Perles, R. Influence of Baltic Agro-Environmental Conditions on Yield and Quality of Fava Bean Crops in Conventional Systems. Agriculture 2021, 11, 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111042
Lepse L, Vågen IM, Zeipina S, Torp T, Olle M, Rosa E, Domínguez-Perles R. Influence of Baltic Agro-Environmental Conditions on Yield and Quality of Fava Bean Crops in Conventional Systems. Agriculture. 2021; 11(11):1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111042
Chicago/Turabian StyleLepse, Liga, Ingunn M. Vågen, Solvita Zeipina, Torfinn Torp, Margit Olle, Eduardo Rosa, and Raul Domínguez-Perles. 2021. "Influence of Baltic Agro-Environmental Conditions on Yield and Quality of Fava Bean Crops in Conventional Systems" Agriculture 11, no. 11: 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111042