Computational Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Markers and New Theranostic Possibilities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Proceedings
2.2.1. Study Population
2.2.2. Demographics and Participant Characteristics
2.2.3. Clinical Variables
2.2.4. Sample Handling
2.2.5. Biochemical and Molecular Variables
Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress
Inflammation and Immune Response
Apoptosis Assays
Neuroprotection Status
Neurotransmitter Determinations
2.2.6. Bioinformatics
3. Results
3.1. Demographics and Participant Characteristics
3.2. Ophthalmologic Evaluation
3.3. Molecular Biomarkers
3.3.1. Oxidative Stress
3.3.2. Inflammation and Immune Response
3.3.3. Apoptosis
3.3.4. Neurodegeneration/Neuroprotection
3.3.5. Neurotransmitters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Correction Statement
Abbreviations
5HT: | 5-hydroxytriptamine |
AA: | alpha-agonists |
ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
AP: | apoptosis |
BB: | beta-blockers |
BCVA: | best corrected visual acuity |
BDNF: | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
BMB: | biochemical and molecular biomarkers |
BMC: | biomicroscopy |
CAI: | carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
CAS3: | caspase-3 |
CCT: | central corneal thickness |
CG: | control group |
DARC: | detection of apoptosing retail cells |
ELISA: | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays |
FLIO: | fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope |
GABA: | y-aminobutyric acid |
GM-CSF: | colony-stimulating factor |
GPx: | glutathione peroxidase |
GTP: | guanosine triphosphatase |
H2O2: | hydrogen peroxide |
HPLC: | high performance liquid chromatography |
IFγ: | interferon gamma |
IL: | interleukin |
IOP: | intraocular pressure |
LE: | left eye |
MD: | mean derivation |
MDA: | malondialdehyde |
MD: | mediterranean diet |
MIGS: | minimally invasive glaucoma surgery |
NF-κB: | nuclear factor kappa B |
NO: | nitric oxide |
NPDS: | non-perforating deep sclerectomy |
OCT: | optical coherence tomography |
OCTA: | optical coherence tomography angiography |
OF: | ocular fundus |
OH: | hydroxyl radical |
ORAC: | oxygen-radical absorbance capacity method |
OS: | oxidative stress |
PA: | prostaglandin analogues |
PARP1: | poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 |
POAG: | primary open-angle glaucoma |
RE: | right eye |
RGC: | retinal ganglion cells |
RNFL: | retinal nerve fiber layer |
ROS: | reactive oxygen species |
SD: | standard derivation |
SOD: | superoxide dismutase |
TAC: | total antioxidant capacity |
TBARS: | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
TM: | trabecular meshwork |
TNFα: | tumour necrosis factor alpha |
TrkB: | tyrosine kinase B |
VEGF: | vascular endothelial growth factor |
VF: | visual field |
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Inclusion | Exclusion |
---|---|
Individuals aged 40 years or more | Individuals under 40 years of age |
Accurate POAG diagnosis (initial stage) for the corresponding group of participants. | Other glaucoma type than the POAG or glaucoma suspects. |
Healthy individuals for the CG of participants | Patients suffering other eye diseases than POAG, or systemic disorders. |
Patients under treatment that may interfere with the results of the study. | |
Laser and/or eye surgery in the previous 12 months. | |
Complete and precise data at the medical history. | Incomplete and/or confounding data. Other diagnosis or procedures that do not fit with the study purpose. Impossibility to obtain a complete and thorough clinical history |
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Pinazo-Durán, M.D.; García-Medina, J.J.; Bolarín, J.M.; Sanz-González, S.M.; Valero-Vello, M.; Abellán-Abenza, J.; Zanón-Moreno, V.; Moreno-Montañés, J. Computational Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Markers and New Theranostic Possibilities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093032
Pinazo-Durán MD, García-Medina JJ, Bolarín JM, Sanz-González SM, Valero-Vello M, Abellán-Abenza J, Zanón-Moreno V, Moreno-Montañés J. Computational Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Markers and New Theranostic Possibilities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093032
Chicago/Turabian StylePinazo-Durán, María D., José J. García-Medina, José M. Bolarín, Silvia M. Sanz-González, Mar Valero-Vello, Javier Abellán-Abenza, Vicente Zanón-Moreno, and Javier Moreno-Montañés. 2020. "Computational Analysis of Clinical and Molecular Markers and New Theranostic Possibilities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 3032. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093032