A Real-Life Survey of Venous Thromboembolic Events Occurring in Myeloma Patients Treated in Third Line with Second-Generation Novel Agents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients’ Selection and Methods
2.1. Patients’ Disposal
2.2. Patients’ Concomitant Treatments
2.3. VTE Thromboprophylaxis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of VTE Risk Factors
3.2. VTE Thromboprophylaxis
3.3. Description of Recorded VTEs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Poma D | KRd | Daratumumab | EloRd | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 61 (100%) | N = 31 (100%) | N = 10 (100%) | N = 10 (100%) | |
Median age (range) | 71 (45–87) | 66 (50–78) | 66 (52–74) | 61 (48–72) |
Males, n (%) | 39 (64) | 22(71) | 6(60) | 5 (50) |
ECOG performance status, n (%) | ||||
0–2 | 30 (49) | 26 (84) | 9 (90) | 10 (100) |
>2 | 31 (51) | 5 (16) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
International Staging System stage, n (%) | ||||
I | 5 (9) | 10 (32) | 8 (80) | 8 (80) |
II | 22 (36) | 5 (16) | 2 (20) | 1 (10) |
III | 34 (55) | 16 (52) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) |
Cytogenetics risk (FISH) available at baseline | 39 (64) | 23 (74) | 9 (90) | 8 (80) |
High-risk | 13 (21) | 11 (35) | 3 (30) | 3 (30) |
Standard-risk | 26 (43) | 12 (39) | 6 (60) | 5 (50) |
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR, mL/hour) | ||||
>60 mL/hour | 54 (89) | 13 (43) | 2 (20) | 6 (60) |
30–60 mL/hour | 5 (10) | 5 (17) | 6 (60) | 4 (40) |
<30 mL/hour | 2 (1) | 3 (10) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
Median haemoglobin (range), g/dL | 9.3 (7.1–12.2) | 9.5 (7.8–14.6) | 10.1 (8.1–14.6) | 10.2 (7.2–11.6) |
Median platelet count (range), *103/mmc | 145 (30–316) | 130 (20–560) | 136 (25–198) | 156 (70–215) |
Median monoclonal component (range), g/dL | 2.3 (0.3–3.2) | 1.6 (0.2–2.1) | 0.9 (0.1–3.1) | 0.5 (0.1–2.0) |
Previous treatments | ||||
Autologous transplantation | 12 (20) | 15 (48) | 5 (50) | 3 (30) |
Allogeneic transplantation | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
Continuous lenalidomide | 61 (100) | 7 (23) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
Disease status | ||||
Refractory disease | 36 (59) | 17 (55) | 5 (50) | 8 (80) |
Aggressive relapse | 8 (13) | 5 (16) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) |
Biochemical relapse | 17 (28) | 9 (29) | 5 (50) | 0 (0) |
Risk Factors | PomaD N = 61 (100%) | KRd N = 31 (100%) | EloRd N = 10 (100%) | Daratumumab N = 10 (100%) | Total N = 112 (100%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual | 55 (90) | 31 (100) | 6 (60) | 10 (100) | 102 (91) |
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 22 (35) | 13 (42) | 1 (10) | 1(10) | 37(33) |
Previous VTE | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) |
CVC or PM | 1 (2) | 4 (13) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 6 (7) |
Associated comorbidities | 43 (70) | 30 (97) | 4 (40) | 7 (70) | 84 (75) |
Surgical procedures | 7 (11) | 7 (23) | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | 18 (16) |
Erythropoietin | 50 (82) | 19 (61) | 6 (60) | 6(60) | 75 (67) |
MM-related | 47 (78) | 17 (55) | 6 (60) | 6 (60) | 78 (70) |
Hyperviscosity | 2 (3) | 3(10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (4) |
Active uncontrolled disease | 45 (74) | 17 (55) | 6 (60) | 6 (60) | 74 (66) |
Treatment Group | Number of Subjects | Number of Individual and MM-Related Risk Factors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
≤1 | 2 | 3 or More | ||
PomaD | 61 (100) | 14 (23) | 19 (31) | 28 (46) |
No VTE | 57 (93) | 14 (23) | 18 (29) | 25 (41) |
VTE | 4 * (7) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 3 (5) |
KRd | 31 (100) | 5 (16) | 8 (26) | 18 (58) |
No VTE | 26 (84) | 4 (13) | 8 (26) | 14 (45) |
VTE | 5 ** (16) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 4 (13) |
EloRd | 10 (100) | 4 (40) | 4 (40) | 2 (20) |
No VTE | 9 (90) | 4 (40) | 3 (30) | 2 (20) |
VTE | 1 *** (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
Daratumumab | ||||
No VTE | 10 (100) | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | 1 (10) |
VTE | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
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Calafiore, V.; Giamporcaro, S.; Conticello, C.; Romano, A.; Parisi, M.; Giuffrida, G.; Tibullo, D.; Di Raimondo, F.; Signorelli, S.S. A Real-Life Survey of Venous Thromboembolic Events Occurring in Myeloma Patients Treated in Third Line with Second-Generation Novel Agents. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2876. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092876
Calafiore V, Giamporcaro S, Conticello C, Romano A, Parisi M, Giuffrida G, Tibullo D, Di Raimondo F, Signorelli SS. A Real-Life Survey of Venous Thromboembolic Events Occurring in Myeloma Patients Treated in Third Line with Second-Generation Novel Agents. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2876. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092876
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalafiore, Valeria, Silvia Giamporcaro, Concetta Conticello, Alessandra Romano, Marina Parisi, Gaetano Giuffrida, Daniele Tibullo, Francesco Di Raimondo, and Salvatore Santo Signorelli. 2020. "A Real-Life Survey of Venous Thromboembolic Events Occurring in Myeloma Patients Treated in Third Line with Second-Generation Novel Agents" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2876. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092876