Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure and Assessment
2.2.1. Psychopathological/Personality Measures
2.2.2. Neuropsychological Measures
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Prevalence of A/DA in ED Patients
3.3. Comparison of the Clinical and Neuropsychological Profile of Patients with and without A/DA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Without A/DA | With A/DA | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 118 | n = 27 | |||||
n | % | n | % | |||
Sex | Women | 88 | 74.6% | 20 | 74.1% | 0.957 |
Men | 30 | 25.4% | 7 | 25.9% | ||
ED subtype | Anorexia restrictive | 49 | 41.5% | 8 | 29.6% | 0.751 |
Anorexia binge/purge | 20 | 16.9% | 6 | 22.2% | ||
Bulimia | 21 | 17.8% | 7 | 25.9% | ||
Binge eating disorder | 18 | 15.3% | 4 | 14.8% | ||
Other specified feeding eating dis. | 10 | 8.5% | 2 | 7.4% | ||
Education | Primary | 30 | 25.4% | 10 | 37.0% | 0.438 |
Secondary | 52 | 44.1% | 11 | 40.7% | ||
University | 36 | 30.5% | 6 | 22.2% | ||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | ||
Age (years-old) | 30.30 | 10.13 | 30.56 | 11.22 | 0.907 | |
Onset of the ED (years-old) | 22.94 | 8.99 | 21.59 | 9.83 | 0.491 | |
Duration of the ED (years) | 7.36 | 7.58 | 8.96 | 6.72 | 0.312 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.70 | 8.47 | 22.50 | 8.87 | 0.663 | |
Other impulsive behaviours | n | % | n | % | p | |
Binges episodes | 46 | 39.3% | 16 | 59.3% | 0.049 * | |
Theft | 18 | 15.3% | 9 | 33.3% | 0.029 * | |
Kleptomania | 2 | 1.7% | 3 | 11.1% | 0.045 * | |
Compulsive buying | 10 | 8.5% | 6 | 22.2% | 0.040 * |
Total | AN-R | AN-BP | BN | BED | OSFED | Women | Men | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 145 | n = 57 | n = 26 | n = 28 | n = 22 | n = 12 | n = 108 | n = 37 | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
27 | 18.6% | 8 | 14.0% | 6 | 23.1% | 7 | 25.0% | 4 | 18.2% | 2 | 16.7% | 20 | 18.5% | 7 | 18.9% |
χ2 | 1.92 | (df = 4) | 0.01 | (df = 1) | |||||||||||
p | 0.751 | 0.957 |
α | Without A/DA | With A/DA | p | |d| | η2 | Power | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 118 | n = 27 | ||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||
EDI Drive for thinness | 0.846 | 11.24 | 6.65 | 12.10 | 6.50 | 0.544 | 0.13 | 0.003 | 0.093 |
EDI Body dissatisfaction | 0.922 | 13.35 | 8.86 | 15.66 | 7.70 | 0.213 | 0.28 | 0.011 | 0.237 |
EDI Interoceptive awareness | 0.868 | 8.98 | 7.13 | 12.10 | 5.95 | 0.036 * | 0.52 † | 0.030 | 0.556 |
EDI Bulimia | 0.791 | 4.92 | 5.20 | 6.51 | 4.83 | 0.148 | 0.32 | 0.015 | 0.303 |
EDI Interpersonal distrust | 0.824 | 5.59 | 4.84 | 5.92 | 4.47 | 0.752 | 0.07 | 0.001 | 0.061 |
EDI Ineffectiveness | 0.905 | 8.61 | 6.89 | 10.78 | 6.91 | 0.142 | 0.32 | 0.015 | 0.312 |
EDI Maturity fears | 0.841 | 7.54 | 5.08 | 7.58 | 5.89 | 0.975 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.050 |
EDI Perfectionism | 0.842 | 5.31 | 4.40 | 5.16 | 4.54 | 0.878 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.053 |
EDI Impulse regulation | 0.850 | 5.43 | 5.85 | 5.60 | 4.43 | 0.886 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.052 |
EDI Ascetic | 0.703 | 5.99 | 4.37 | 6.92 | 3.76 | 0.307 | 0.23 | 0.007 | 0.175 |
EDI Social insecurity | 0.825 | 6.37 | 5.17 | 7.28 | 5.72 | 0.417 | 0.17 | 0.005 | 0.127 |
EDI Total score | 0.974 | 83.33 | 48.73 | 95.62 | 42.19 | 0.228 | 0.27 | 0.010 | 0.225 |
SCL-90R Somatization | 0.857 | 1.45 | 0.90 | 1.82 | 0.77 | 0.049 * | 0.44 | 0.026 | 0.497 |
SCL-90-R Obsessive-compulsive | 0.909 | 1.57 | 0.98 | 1.78 | 0.89 | 0.308 | 0.22 | 0.007 | 0.174 |
SCL-90-R Interpersonal sensitive | 0.912 | 1.76 | 1.04 | 1.94 | 0.91 | 0.416 | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.128 |
SCL-90-R Depression | 0.946 | 2.00 | 1.05 | 2.21 | 0.82 | 0.329 | 0.22 | 0.007 | 0.164 |
SCL-90-R Anxiety | 0.911 | 1.38 | 0.95 | 1.66 | 0.74 | 0.145 | 0.34 | 0.015 | 0.307 |
SCL-90-R Hostility | 0.774 | 1.17 | 0.88 | 1.25 | 0.97 | 0.672 | 0.09 | 0.001 | 0.071 |
SCL-90-R Phobic anxiety | 0.854 | 0.78 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.73 | 0.667 | 0.10 | 0.001 | 0.072 |
SCL-90-R Paranoia | 0.875 | 1.27 | 0.89 | 1.32 | 0.81 | 0.821 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.056 |
SCL-90-R Psychotic | 0.893 | 1.17 | 0.77 | 1.28 | 0.67 | 0.529 | 0.14 | 0.003 | 0.096 |
SCL-90-R GSI | 0.980 | 1.50 | 0.82 | 1.69 | 0.68 | 0.257 | 0.26 | 0.009 | 0.204 |
SCL-90-R PST | 0.980 | 56.61 | 19.91 | 63.15 | 17.64 | 0.119 | 0.35 | 0.017 | 0.345 |
SCL-90-R PSDI | 0.980 | 2.20 | 0.66 | 2.32 | 0.42 | 0.383 | 0.21 | 0.005 | 0.140 |
TCI-R Novelty seeking | 0.797 | 94.68 | 13.80 | 103.37 | 13.83 | 0.004 * | 0.63 † | 0.057 | 0.834 |
TCI-R Harm avoidance | 0.925 | 112.31 | 20.84 | 116.07 | 21.50 | 0.402 | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.133 |
TCI-R Reward dependence | 0.700 | 101.21 | 15.47 | 102.56 | 17.33 | 0.691 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.068 |
TCI-R Persistence | 0.860 | 114.12 | 20.30 | 107.33 | 24.13 | 0.133 | 0.30 | 0.016 | 0.323 |
TCI-R Self-directedness | 0.908 | 125.72 | 21.84 | 119.33 | 24.19 | 0.181 | 0.28 | 0.012 | 0.266 |
TCI-R Cooperativeness | 0.831 | 136.66 | 17.28 | 135.89 | 15.97 | 0.832 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.055 |
TCI-R Self-transcendence | 0.893 | 63.16 | 15.28 | 63.37 | 18.91 | 0.951 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.050 |
Without A/DA | With A/DA | p | |d| | η2 | Power | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 118 | n = 27 | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||
Stroop Words | 104.43 | 19.39 | 95.61 | 24.53 | 0.045 * | 0.40 | 0.028 | 0.521 |
Stroop Colour | 75.84 | 16.06 | 80.24 | 19.74 | 0.221 | 0.24 | 0.010 | 0.231 |
Stroop Words-colour | 48.27 | 11.75 | 46.50 | 9.33 | 0.467 | 0.17 | 0.004 | 0.112 |
Stroop Interference | 5.09 | 8.99 | 4.42 | 7.92 | 0.725 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.064 |
WCST Total trials | 94.42 | 20.72 | 100.55 | 20.70 | 0.168 | 0.30 | 0.013 | 0.280 |
WCST Correct | 67.83 | 10.87 | 68.06 | 14.02 | 0.924 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.051 |
WCST Perseverative errors | 12.40 | 10.33 | 18.54 | 19.41 | 0.023 * | 0.39 | 0.036 | 0.629 |
WCST Non-perseverative errors | 14.20 | 15.25 | 14.22 | 11.91 | 0.993 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.050 |
WCST Conceptual | 60.64 | 16.54 | 59.18 | 19.97 | 0.692 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.068 |
WCST Categories completed | 5.10 | 1.80 | 4.88 | 1.98 | 0.577 | 0.12 | 0.002 | 0.086 |
WCST Trials completed 1st categ. | 20.36 | 24.17 | 26.73 | 31.78 | 0.248 | 0.23 | 0.009 | 0.210 |
IGT Block 1 | −2.59 | 4.21 | −0.62 | 2.84 | 0.023 * | 0.55 † | 0.036 | 0.629 |
IGT Block 2 | −1.11 | 4.91 | 0.32 | 4.41 | 0.165 | 0.31 | 0.013 | 0.284 |
IGT Block 3 | 0.29 | 5.80 | −1.39 | 3.55 | 0.152 | 0.35 | 0.014 | 0.298 |
IGT Block 4 | 0.38 | 6.69 | 0.68 | 6.67 | 0.834 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.055 |
IGT Block 5 | 0.51 | 7.78 | 0.06 | 5.42 | 0.777 | 0.07 | 0.001 | 0.059 |
IGT Total | −2.52 | 20.79 | −0.95 | 11.51 | 0.704 | 0.09 | 0.001 | 0.067 |
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Lozano-Madrid, M.; Clark Bryan, D.; Granero, R.; Sánchez, I.; Riesco, N.; Mallorquí-Bagué, N.; Jiménez-Murcia, S.; Treasure, J.; Fernández-Aranda, F. Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061936
Lozano-Madrid M, Clark Bryan D, Granero R, Sánchez I, Riesco N, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Treasure J, Fernández-Aranda F. Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(6):1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061936
Chicago/Turabian StyleLozano-Madrid, María, Danielle Clark Bryan, Roser Granero, Isabel Sánchez, Nadine Riesco, Núria Mallorquí-Bagué, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Janet Treasure, and Fernando Fernández-Aranda. 2020. "Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6: 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061936
APA StyleLozano-Madrid, M., Clark Bryan, D., Granero, R., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Mallorquí-Bagué, N., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Treasure, J., & Fernández-Aranda, F. (2020). Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(6), 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061936