Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity
by
Jairo H. Migueles 1,*
, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez 1,2,3, Irene Esteban-Cornejo 1, Lucia V. Torres-Lopez 1, Eivind Aadland 4, Sébastien F. Chastin 5,6, Kirk I. Erickson 7, Andres Catena 8 and Francisco B. Ortega 1,9
Jairo H. Migueles 1,*, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez 1,2,3, Irene Esteban-Cornejo 1, Lucia V. Torres-Lopez 1, Eivind Aadland 4, Sébastien F. Chastin 5,6, Kirk I. Erickson 7, Andres Catena 8 and Francisco B. Ortega 1,9
1
PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
2
MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
3
Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
4
Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
5
School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
6
Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
7
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3601 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
8
Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
9
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(4), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041080
Received: 29 March 2020 / Revised: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 / Published: 10 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Lifestyle Factors and Exercise on Brain Plasticity and Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms)
This study investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) in relation to hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) in pediatric overweight/obesity. Ninety-three children (10 ± 1 year) were classified as overweight, obesity type I, or type II–III. PA was assessed with non-dominant wrist accelerometers. GMV was acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neither PA nor SED associated with GMV in the hippocampus in the whole sample (p > 0.05). However, we found some evidence of moderation by weight status (p < 0.150). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) positively associated with GMV in the right hippocampus in obesity type I (B = 5.62, p = 0.017), which remained when considering SED, light PA, and sleep using compositional data (γ = 375.3, p = 0.04). Compositional models also depicted a negative association of SED relative to the remaining behaviors with GMV in the right hippocampus in overweight (γ = −1838.4, p = 0.038). Reallocating 20 min/day of SED to MVPA was associated with 100 mm3 GMV in the right hippocampus in obesity type I. Multivariate pattern analysis showed a negative-to-positive association pattern between PA of increasing intensity and GMV in the right hippocampus in obesity type II–III. Our findings support that reducing SED and increasing MVPA are associated with greater GMV in the right hippocampus in pediatric overweight/obesity. Further studies should corroborate our findings.
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Keywords:
physical behavior; sedentary behavior; brain health; youth; pre-adolescent
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MDPI and ACS Style
Migueles, J.H.; Cadenas-Sanchez, C.; Esteban-Cornejo, I.; Torres-Lopez, L.V.; Aadland, E.; Chastin, S.F.; Erickson, K.I.; Catena, A.; Ortega, F.B. Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1080.
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