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Volume 15
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

by
Laura La Fauci
1,
Rosario D’Anna
1,
Ferdinando Antonio Gulino
1,*,
Cristina Barracato
1,
Eliana Zangla
1,
Chiara Conti Nibali
1,
Antonino Di Benedetto
2 and
Francesco Corrado
1
1
Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(10), 3835; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103835 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 March 2026 / Revised: 13 May 2026 / Accepted: 13 May 2026 / Published: 15 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics & Gynecology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represent two significant maternal cardiometabolic disorders closely related to each other. This study aims to identify predictive risk factors for gestational hypertension in patients with GDM within our population. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico “G. Martino” of Messina from January 2012 to December 2019. It included 684 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) according to Italian guidelines. A detailed medical history was taken for each patient to identify potential predictive risk factors for HDP. Patients with pre-existing hypertension or diabetes were excluded. Results: Among 684 women with GDM, 69 (10.1%) developed hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Women with HDP had a significantly higher pregestational BMI (30.1 ± 7.7 vs. 26.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2, p = 0.001) and a higher prevalence of obesity (51% vs. 34%, p = 0.0001). Post-load glucose at 60 min was higher in the HDP group (178 ± 34 vs. 164 ± 32 mg/dL, p = 0.0001), with more women exceeding the diagnostic threshold (>180 mg/dL: 56% vs. 35%, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that pregestational obesity and higher 60-min glucose levels during OGTT were the strongest independent predictors of HDP. Conclusions: Obesity and glycemia above the cut-off after 1 h during OGTT are predictive risk factors for hypertensive disorders in patients with GDM.
Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus; hypertensive disorders; pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus; hypertensive disorders; pregnancy

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MDPI and ACS Style

La Fauci, L.; D’Anna, R.; Gulino, F.A.; Barracato, C.; Zangla, E.; Conti Nibali, C.; Di Benedetto, A.; Corrado, F. Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15, 3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103835

AMA Style

La Fauci L, D’Anna R, Gulino FA, Barracato C, Zangla E, Conti Nibali C, Di Benedetto A, Corrado F. Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2026; 15(10):3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103835

Chicago/Turabian Style

La Fauci, Laura, Rosario D’Anna, Ferdinando Antonio Gulino, Cristina Barracato, Eliana Zangla, Chiara Conti Nibali, Antonino Di Benedetto, and Francesco Corrado. 2026. "Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 15, no. 10: 3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103835

APA Style

La Fauci, L., D’Anna, R., Gulino, F. A., Barracato, C., Zangla, E., Conti Nibali, C., Di Benedetto, A., & Corrado, F. (2026). Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(10), 3835. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103835

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