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Volume 14
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10.3390/jcm14165784
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

What Is Worse: A Comparison of Solitary Versus Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using a Nationwide Analysis of Readmission Rates and Risk Factors

by
Julius Gerstmeyer
1,2,3,*,
Anna Gorbacheva
4,
Clifford Pierre
1,4,
Mark Kraemer
1,4,
Colin Gold
1,4,
Cameron Hogsett
1,4,
Nick Minissale
1,4,
Alexander von Glinski
3,
Tobias L. Schulte
3,
Thomas A. Schildhauer
2,
Amir Abdul-Jabbar
1,
Rod J. Oskouian
1 and
Jens R. Chapman
1
1
Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
2
Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
3
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
4
Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5784; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165784
Submission received: 11 July 2025 / Revised: 11 August 2025 / Accepted: 13 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Spondylodiscitis is a growing infectious condition with significant morbidity. The impact of multifocal involvement remains understudied. This study compared 90-day all-cause readmission rates between patients with solitary versus multifocal spondylodiscitis and identified the associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the 2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database was conducted. Adult patients with primary spondylodiscitis were identified using ICD-10 codes and categorized into solitary or multifocal involvement groups. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were extracted. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: Of 6132 patients, 585 (9.6%) had multifocal disease. Multifocal patients were slightly younger (58.9 vs. 60.3 years; p = 0.049); had longer hospital stays (14.7 vs. 11.4 days; p < 0.001), time to readmission (p < 0.001); and surgery was more common (p = 0.003). Ninety-day readmission rates were similar (35.6% vs. 34.9%; p = 0.766). Type 2 diabetes was the only comorbidity significantly associated with multifocal disease (p = 0.020) and independently predicted readmission (aOR 1.236). Surgery and longer length of stay were protective (aOR 0.743; 0.0990). Conclusions: Multifocal spondylodiscitis is relatively common but not an independent risk factor for readmission. Readmission rates of both cohorts were similar. Surgery and prolonged hospitalization may reduce readmission risk.
Keywords: spondylodiscitis; readmission rate; multifocal; spine infection; risk factor spondylodiscitis; readmission rate; multifocal; spine infection; risk factor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gerstmeyer, J.; Gorbacheva, A.; Pierre, C.; Kraemer, M.; Gold, C.; Hogsett, C.; Minissale, N.; von Glinski, A.; Schulte, T.L.; Schildhauer, T.A.; et al. What Is Worse: A Comparison of Solitary Versus Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using a Nationwide Analysis of Readmission Rates and Risk Factors. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 5784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165784

AMA Style

Gerstmeyer J, Gorbacheva A, Pierre C, Kraemer M, Gold C, Hogsett C, Minissale N, von Glinski A, Schulte TL, Schildhauer TA, et al. What Is Worse: A Comparison of Solitary Versus Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using a Nationwide Analysis of Readmission Rates and Risk Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(16):5784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165784

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerstmeyer, Julius, Anna Gorbacheva, Clifford Pierre, Mark Kraemer, Colin Gold, Cameron Hogsett, Nick Minissale, Alexander von Glinski, Tobias L. Schulte, Thomas A. Schildhauer, and et al. 2025. "What Is Worse: A Comparison of Solitary Versus Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using a Nationwide Analysis of Readmission Rates and Risk Factors" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 16: 5784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165784

APA Style

Gerstmeyer, J., Gorbacheva, A., Pierre, C., Kraemer, M., Gold, C., Hogsett, C., Minissale, N., von Glinski, A., Schulte, T. L., Schildhauer, T. A., Abdul-Jabbar, A., Oskouian, R. J., & Chapman, J. R. (2025). What Is Worse: A Comparison of Solitary Versus Multifocal Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Using a Nationwide Analysis of Readmission Rates and Risk Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(16), 5784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165784

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