The Pharmacokinetics of Saliva and Plasma N-Oxides Following a Single Administration of a Plant-Based Bioequivalent Inorganic Nitrate Oral Supplement in an Open-Label, Phase 1, Single-Arm Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Preparation and Content of Capsules
2.3. Participants
2.4. Saliva and Plasma Sample Collection
2.5. NO3− and NO2− Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Saliva and Plasma NO3−
3.3. Saliva and Plasma NO2−
3.4. Saliva Test Strips and Chemiluminescence
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NO | Nitric Oxide |
NO3− | Nitrate |
NO2− | Nitrite |
BP | Blood Pressure |
SBP | Systolic Blood Pressure |
DBP | Diastolic Blood Pressure |
CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
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Stahl, M.E.; Grammer, E.E.; Allen, J.D.; Weltman, A. The Pharmacokinetics of Saliva and Plasma N-Oxides Following a Single Administration of a Plant-Based Bioequivalent Inorganic Nitrate Oral Supplement in an Open-Label, Phase 1, Single-Arm Study. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 4581. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134581
Stahl ME, Grammer EE, Allen JD, Weltman A. The Pharmacokinetics of Saliva and Plasma N-Oxides Following a Single Administration of a Plant-Based Bioequivalent Inorganic Nitrate Oral Supplement in an Open-Label, Phase 1, Single-Arm Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(13):4581. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134581
Chicago/Turabian StyleStahl, Macy E., Emily E. Grammer, Jason D. Allen, and Arthur Weltman. 2025. "The Pharmacokinetics of Saliva and Plasma N-Oxides Following a Single Administration of a Plant-Based Bioequivalent Inorganic Nitrate Oral Supplement in an Open-Label, Phase 1, Single-Arm Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 13: 4581. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134581
APA StyleStahl, M. E., Grammer, E. E., Allen, J. D., & Weltman, A. (2025). The Pharmacokinetics of Saliva and Plasma N-Oxides Following a Single Administration of a Plant-Based Bioequivalent Inorganic Nitrate Oral Supplement in an Open-Label, Phase 1, Single-Arm Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(13), 4581. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134581