Assessment of Facial Pain After Internal Carotid Artery Stenting: The Role of External Carotid Artery Overstenting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Studied Population
2.2. Pain Measurement
2.3. Equipment
2.4. Analyzed Data
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Group
3.2. Perioperative Data
3.3. Perioperative Facial Pain
3.4. Postoperative Facial Pain
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n (%), Mean/Median (Range, SD/IQR) |
---|---|
Age (years) | 69 (53–93, SD 7.53) |
Gender | |
Male | 39 (70.9%) |
Female | 16 (29.1%) |
Current cigarette smoking | 22 (40.7%) |
Presence of comorbidities (yes) | 50 (92.6%) |
Arterial hypertension | 50 (92.6%) |
Dyslipidemia | 38 (70.4%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 20 (37%) |
Clinical symptoms (yes) | 43 (78.2%) |
Dizziness | 23 (41.8% |
Stroke | 20 (37%) |
Headache | 11 (20%) |
Syncope | 6 (10.9%) |
Tinnitus | 5 (9.1%) |
Variable | n (%), Mean/Median (Range, SD/IQR) |
---|---|
ICA stenosis (%) | 80 (50–99) IQR 24.5 |
Side of the procedure | |
Left ICA | 39 (70.9%) |
Right ICA | 16 (29.1%) |
Stent used | |
1st generation | 20 (37%) |
2nd generation | 35 (63.6%) |
Stent length | |
40 mm | 39 (70.9%) |
30 mm | 15 (27.3%) |
60 mm | 1 (1.8%) |
Stent width | |
8 mm | 22 (40%) |
9 mm | 15 (27.3%) |
7 mm | 12 (21.8%) |
10 mm | 6 (10.9%) |
Covering of ECA orifice by a carotid stent | |
Yes | 53 (96.4%) |
No | 2 (3.6%) |
ECA diameter before CAS (mm) | 4.11 (0–6.84) IQR 1.22 |
ECA diameter after CAS (mm) | 3.16 (0–5.97) IQR 1.78 |
Presence of Pain During the Procedure | Stent Width 7 mm n = 12 | Stent Width 8 mm n = 22 | Stent Width 9 mm n = 15 | Stent Width 10 mm n = 6 | Total n = 55 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | 9 (75%) | 17 (77.17%) | 8 (53.33%) | 6 (100%) | 40 (72.73%) | 0.15 |
Yes | 3 (25%) | 5 (22.73%) | 7 (46.67%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (27.27%) |
Presence of Pain During the Procedure | Stent Length 30 mm n = 15 | Stent Width 40 mm n = 39 | Stent Width 60 mm n = 1 | Total n = 55 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | 13 (86.67%) | 26 (66.67%) | 1 (100%) | 40 (72.73%) | 0.27 |
Yes | 2 (13.33%) | 13 (33.33%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (27.27%) |
Presence of Pain During the Procedure | Stent Width 7 mm n = 12 | Stent Width 8 mm n = 22 | Stent Width 9 mm n = 15 | Stent Width 10 mm n = 6 | Total n = 55 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | 12 (91.67%) | 22 (100%) | 12 (80%) | 6 (100%) | 51 (92.73%) | 0.12 |
Yes | 1 (8.33%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.27%) |
Presence of Pain During the Procedure | Stent Length 30 mm n = 15 | Stent Width 40 mm n = 39 | Stent Width 60 mm n = 1 | Total n = 55 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | 14 (93.33%) | 36 (92.31%) | 1 (100%) | 51 (92.73%) | 0.87 |
Yes | 1 (6.67%) | 3 (7.69%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.27%) |
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Łyko-Morawska, D.; Szkółka, Ł.; Serafin, M.; Senderek, E.; Kiczmer, P.; Górska, M.; Kuczmik, W. Assessment of Facial Pain After Internal Carotid Artery Stenting: The Role of External Carotid Artery Overstenting. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 7666. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247666
Łyko-Morawska D, Szkółka Ł, Serafin M, Senderek E, Kiczmer P, Górska M, Kuczmik W. Assessment of Facial Pain After Internal Carotid Artery Stenting: The Role of External Carotid Artery Overstenting. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(24):7666. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247666
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁyko-Morawska, Dorota, Łukasz Szkółka, Michał Serafin, Emila Senderek, Paweł Kiczmer, Magdalena Górska, and Wacław Kuczmik. 2024. "Assessment of Facial Pain After Internal Carotid Artery Stenting: The Role of External Carotid Artery Overstenting" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24: 7666. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247666
APA StyleŁyko-Morawska, D., Szkółka, Ł., Serafin, M., Senderek, E., Kiczmer, P., Górska, M., & Kuczmik, W. (2024). Assessment of Facial Pain After Internal Carotid Artery Stenting: The Role of External Carotid Artery Overstenting. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(24), 7666. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247666