Key Factors Driving Physiotherapy Use in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Population and Sample
2.3. Data Source
2.4. Study Variables
2.4.1. Outcome
2.4.2. Explanatory Variables
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variable | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | 95.0% Confidence Interval for B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. Error | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
(Constant) | 1.858 | 1.809 | 1.027 | 0.306 | 5.431 | 1.715 | |
Age | 0.002 | 0.017 | 0.011 | 0.120 | 0.904 | 0.036 | 0.032 |
Female | 0.086 | 0.521 | 0.014 | 0.166 | 0.868 | 0.943 | 1.116 |
Normal | 0.088 | 0.672 | 0.015 | 0.131 | 0.896 | 1.239 | 1.415 |
Overweight | 0.216 | 0.643 | 0.038 | 0.336 | 0.738 | 1.054 | 1.485 |
Obese | 0.341 | 0.639 | 0.064 | 0.533 | 0.595 | 0.922 | 1.604 |
Married | 0.042 | 0.505 | 0.007 | 0.083 | 0.934 | 0.955 | 1.039 |
Other | 1.536 | 1.228 | 0.088 | 1.251 | 0.213 | 3.962 | 0.890 |
Clerical | 0.930 | 0.957 | 0.074 | 0.971 | 0.333 | 2.821 | 0.961 |
Not in paid employment | 0.873 | 0.592 | 0.117 | 1.474 | 0.142 | 2.042 | 0.296 |
Subacute | 0.870 | 0.531 | 0.140 | 1.639 | 0.103 | 0.179 | 1.918 |
Chronic | 0.834 | 0.473 | 0.160 | 1.764 | 0.080 | 0.100 | 1.768 |
First episode | 0.994 | 0.760 | 0.121 | 1.308 | 0.193 | 0.508 | 2.496 |
Taking medications | 0.120 | 0.399 | 0.020 | 0.300 | 0.765 | 0.669 | 0.908 |
No other medical problems | 0.202 | 0.416 | 0.036 | 0.487 | 0.627 | 0.619 | 1.024 |
The time gap between referral and 1st session | 0.016 | 0.017 | 0.063 | 0.948 | 0.344 | 0.018 | 0.050 |
No previous PT | 1.173 | 0.735 | 0.152 | 1.596 | 0.113 | 2.626 | 0.279 |
Perceived functional improvement | 0.513 | 0.564 | 0.070 | 0.910 | 0.364 | 0.601 | 1.626 |
Post VAS | 0.142 | 0.148 | 0.089 | 0.962 | 0.337 | 0.435 | 0.150 |
Variable | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig | 95.0% Confidence Interval for B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. Error | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
(Constant) | 0.680 | 0.869 | 0.783 | 0.435 | 1.036 | 2.397 | |
Number of PT sessions per week | 1.493 | 0.319 | 0.302 | 4.672 | 0.000 | 0.862 | 2.124 |
Pre VAS | 0.559 | 0.134 | 0.283 | 4.171 | 0.000 | 0.294 | 0.824 |
Post VAS | 0.066 | 0.153 | 0.040 | 0.429 | 0.669 | 0.368 | 0.236 |
Functional improvement | 1.154 | 0.590 | 0.149 | 1.958 | 0.052 | 2.319 | 0.010 |
Compliance | 1.848 | 0.421 | 0.335 | 4.394 | 0.000 | 2.679 | 1.017 |
Variable | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | 95.0% Confidence Interval for B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. Error | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
(Constant) | 2.886 | 1.391 | 2.075 | 0.057 | 0.097 | 5.869 | |
Number of PT sessions per week | 1.033 | 0.430 | 0.495 | 2.400 | 0.031 | 0.110 | 1.956 |
Pre VAS | 0.210 | 0.269 | 0.229 | 0.784 | 0.446 | 0.365 | 0.786 |
Post VAS | 0.372 | 0.210 | 0.4980- | 1.767 | 0.099 | 0.823 | 0.080 |
Functional improvement | 0.142 | 0.596 | 0.048 | 0.238 | 0.816 | 1.419 | 1.136 |
Compliance | 0.208 | 0.573 | 0.099 | 0.363 | 0.722 | 1.021 | 1.438 |
References
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Variable | Mean (SD) (95% CI) | No. (%) | 1st Episode (n = 163) Mean (SD) (95% CI) | Recurrent (n = 20) Mean (SD) (95% CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 43.02 (14.22) (40.95–45.10) | 41.94 (14.04) (39.77–44.12) | 51.80 (12.92) (45.75–57.85) | 0.004 * | ||
Gender | Male | 40 (21.9) | 32 (80) | 8 (2) | 0.038 * | |
Female | 143 (78.1) | 131 (91.60) | 12 (8.39) | |||
BMI (n = 175) | 27.66 (26.44–28.88) | 0.227 | ||||
Underweight | 11 (6) | 10 (90.90) | 1 (9.09) | 0.272 | ||
Normal weight | 44 (24) | 42 (95.45) | 2 (4.54) | |||
Overweight | 52 (28.4) | 43 (82.69) | 9 (17.30) | |||
Obese | 68 (37.2) | 60 (88.23) | 8 (11.76) | |||
Marital status | Single | 43 (23.5) | 42 (97.67) | 1 (2.32) | 0.090 | |
Married | 136 (74.3) | 118 (86.76) | 18 (13.23) | |||
Other | 4 (2.2) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | |||
Working status | Professionals ** | 16 (8.7) | 15 (93.75) | 1 (6.25) | 0.898 | |
Clerical, sales, and service work and labor and related work | 8 (4.3) | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) | |||
Not in paid employment/housewives, trainees, students | 158 (86.3) | 140 (88.60) | 18 (11.39) |
Variable | Mean (SD) (95% CI) | No. (%) | 1st Episode (n = 163) Mean (SD) (95% CI) | Recurrent (n = 20) Mean (SD) (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of LBP | |||||
Acute | 30 (16.85) | 27 (17.08) | 3 (15) | 0.946 | |
Subacute | 40 (22.47) | 35 (22.15) | 5 (25) | ||
Chronic | 108 (60.67) | 96 (60.75) | 12 (60) | ||
Medication for LBP | |||||
Yes | 138 (75.4) | 122 (88.40) | 16 (11.59) | 0.613 | |
No | 45 (24.6) | 41 (91.11) | 4 (8.88) | ||
Other medical problems (178) | |||||
None | 131 (71.6) | 120 (91.60) | 11 (35.48) | 0.045 * | |
Yes | 47 (25.7) | 38 (80.85) | 9 (19.14) |
Variable | Mean (SD) (95% CI) | No. (%) | 1st Episode (n = 163), Mean (SD) (95% CI) | Recurrent (n = 20) Mean (SD) (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time gap between referral and 1st PT session (day) | 9.14 (10.02) (7.68–10.60) | 9.09 (10.23) (7.43–10.76) | 11.15 (10.62) (6.18–16.12) | 0.336 | |
Number of PT sessions per week | 1.54 (0.54) (1.46–1.62) | 1.51 (0.55) (1.42–1.60) | 1.50 (0.51) (1.26–1.74) | 0.779 | |
Total number of PT sessions/episode | 5.19 (2.57) (4.82–5.57) | 5.20 (2.75) (4.76–5.65) | 4.90 (1.07) (4.40–5.40) | 0.892 | |
Had previous PT sessions | |||||
Yes | 23 (12.6) | 7 (30.43) | 16 (69.56) | 0.000 | |
No | 160 (87.4) | 156 (97.5) | 4 (2.5) | ||
Pre-pain (VAS) | 5.82 (1.35) (5.62–6.02) | 5.84 (1.41) (5.62–6.07) | 5.75 (1.16) (5.21–6.29) | 0.693 | |
Post-pain (VAS) | 2.03 (1.61) (1.80–2.27) | 2.06 (1.60) (1.80–2.32) | 2.20 (1.44) (1.53–2.87) | 0.424 | |
Perceived functional improvement | |||||
Yes | 157 (85.8) | 140 (89.17) | 17 (10.82) | 0.914 | |
No | 26 (14.2) | 23 (88.46) | 3 (11.53) | ||
Compliance with physiotherapy sessions | |||||
Yes | 110 (60.1) | 99 (90) | 11 (10) | 0.621 | |
No | 73 (39.9) | 64 (87.67) | 9 (12.32) |
Variable | Mean (SD) (95% CI) | No. (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 6 (42.9) | |
Female | 8 (57.1) | ||
Years of experience | 4.85 (2.39) (4.50–5.20) | ||
Nationality | Saudi | 14 (100) |
Variable | Characteristics | Physiotherapy Visits/Episode |
---|---|---|
Age | n | 183 |
Correlation | 0.044 | |
P | 0.558 | |
Gap between referral and 1st session | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.021 | |
P | 0.777 | |
Number of PT sessions per week | n | 183 |
Correlation | 0.357 | |
P | 0.000 * | |
Pre-pain VAS | n | 183 |
Correlation | 0.169 | |
P | 0.022 * | |
Post-pain VAS | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.336 | |
P | 0.000 * | |
Physiotherapist years of experience | n | 183 |
Correlation | 0.053 | |
P | 0.475 | |
Gender | n | 183 |
Correlation | 0.060 | |
P | 0.419 | |
Occurrence of LBP | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.040 | |
P | 0.593 | |
Medications for LBP | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.028 | |
P | 0.709 | |
Other medical problem | n | 178 |
Correlation | 0.008 | |
P | 0.919 | |
Had previous PT | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.036 | |
P | 0.629 | |
Perceived functional improvement | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.232 | |
P | 0.002 * | |
Complete PT session | n | 183 |
Correlation | −0.365 | |
P | 0.000 * | |
Median (minimum, maximum) | p value | |
BMI categories (n = 175) | 5 (2, 23) | 0.870 |
Underweight | 6 (2, 6) | |
Normal weight | 4.5 (2, 13) | |
Overweight | 5 (2, 23) | |
Obese | 5 (2, 13) | |
Marital status (n = 183) | 5 (2, 23) | 0.594 |
Single | 5 (2, 23) | |
Married | 5 (2, 13) | |
Other | 4 (2, 6) | |
Work status (n = 182) | 5 (2, 23) | 0.276 |
Professionals | 6 (3, 23) | |
Clerical, sales, and service work and labor and related work | 5 (3, 8) | |
Not in paid employment/housewives, trainees, students | 5 (2, 13) | |
Duration of LBP (n = 178) | 5 (2, 23) | 0.615 |
Acute | 4 (2, 12) | |
Subacute | 5 (2, 23) | |
Chronic | 5 (2, 13) |
Variable | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig | 95.0% Confidence Interval for B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | LB | UB | ||||
(Constant) | 1.858 | 1.809 | 1.027 | 0.306 | 5.431 | 1.715 | |
PT sessions/week | 1.651 | 0.321 | 0.348 | 5.141 | 0.000 | 1.017 | 2.286 |
Compliance with PT | 1.628 | 0.400 | 0.311 | 4.070 | 0.000 | 0.838 | 2.418 |
Pre VAS | 0.557 | 0.139 | 0.291 | 4.014 | 0.000 | 0.283 | 0.831 |
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Alimam, D.M.; Alqarni, M.J.; Aljohani, M.H.; Alqarni, M.A.; Alsubiheen, A.M.; Alrushud, A.S. Key Factors Driving Physiotherapy Use in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 6261. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206261
Alimam DM, Alqarni MJ, Aljohani MH, Alqarni MA, Alsubiheen AM, Alrushud AS. Key Factors Driving Physiotherapy Use in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(20):6261. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206261
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlimam, Dalia M., Muteb J. Alqarni, Mawaddah H. Aljohani, Mohammed A. Alqarni, Abdulrahman M. Alsubiheen, and Asma S. Alrushud. 2024. "Key Factors Driving Physiotherapy Use in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 20: 6261. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206261
APA StyleAlimam, D. M., Alqarni, M. J., Aljohani, M. H., Alqarni, M. A., Alsubiheen, A. M., & Alrushud, A. S. (2024). Key Factors Driving Physiotherapy Use in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(20), 6261. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206261