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Systematic Review

Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement

by
Eqram Rahman
1,*,†,
Parinitha Rao
2,
Hany Niamey Abu-Farsakh
3,
Chirag Thonse
4,
Imran Ali
5,
Alice E. Upton
1,
Shwetha Y. Baratikkae
6,
Jean D. A. Carruthers
7,
Ash Mosahebi
8,
Nima Heidari
9,10,11 and
William Richard Webb
1,†
1
Research and Innovation Hub, Innovation Aesthetics, London WC2H 9JQ, UK
2
The Skin Address, Aesthetic Dermatology Practice, Bengaluru 560080, India
3
Istishari Hospital, Amman 840431, Jordan
4
Manipal Hospital, Millers Road, Bengaluru 560052, India
5
Integrated Medical Centre, Crawford Street, London WIU 6BE, UK
6
Jansithaa Fertility Centre & Hospital, Bengaluru 560079, India
7
Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
8
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead NW3 2QG, UK
9
Medical Supercomputation and Machine Learning, European Quantum Medical, London E10 5NP, UK
10
Foot, Ankle and Limb Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Surgeon, London W1G 7ET, UK
11
Pharmacy, Science and Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(15), 4571; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154571
Submission received: 20 June 2024 / Revised: 25 July 2024 / Accepted: 29 July 2024 / Published: 5 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends and Innovations in Regenerative Medicine and Non-Surgical Aesthetics)
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Abstract

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in various medical and surgical specialties for its regenerative properties, including aesthetics (facial rejuvenation, hair restoration, and skin tightening) and orthopedics (treatment of tendinitis and osteoarthritis). However, the inconsistent literature on PRP’s efficacy and safety leads to critical knowledge gaps. This systematic review evaluates quality control measures in PRP preparation and application and explores the regulatory environment governing its clinical use. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, for studies published from January 2020 to April 2024. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving human participants undergoing PRP treatment for aesthetic or regenerative purposes. Key parameters such as the PRP preparation methods, platelet concentration, and quality control measures were analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024557669). Results: Out of 75 RCTs involving 5726 patients, the review identified significant variability in PRP preparation methods and application techniques, including differences in centrifugation protocols and platelet concentration levels. A new evidence-based scoring system, the William–Eqram Scoring System for PRP Quality Reporting (WESS-PQR), was proposed to address these inconsistencies. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.79) between proper temperature control during preparation and PRP efficacy. Initial platelet count assessment showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.57) with efficacy. Conclusions: Standardized PRP preparation protocols and robust regulatory frameworks are urgently needed to ensure the safety and efficacy of PRP treatments. The proposed WESS-PQR scoring system can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers, promoting consistency and reliability in PRP applications.
Keywords: platelet-rich plasma; PRP; quality control; regenerative medicine; WESS-PQR; efficacy; regulatory standards platelet-rich plasma; PRP; quality control; regenerative medicine; WESS-PQR; efficacy; regulatory standards

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rahman, E.; Rao, P.; Abu-Farsakh, H.N.; Thonse, C.; Ali, I.; Upton, A.E.; Baratikkae, S.Y.; Carruthers, J.D.A.; Mosahebi, A.; Heidari, N.; et al. Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4571. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154571

AMA Style

Rahman E, Rao P, Abu-Farsakh HN, Thonse C, Ali I, Upton AE, Baratikkae SY, Carruthers JDA, Mosahebi A, Heidari N, et al. Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(15):4571. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154571

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahman, Eqram, Parinitha Rao, Hany Niamey Abu-Farsakh, Chirag Thonse, Imran Ali, Alice E. Upton, Shwetha Y. Baratikkae, Jean D. A. Carruthers, Ash Mosahebi, Nima Heidari, and et al. 2024. "Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 15: 4571. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154571

APA Style

Rahman, E., Rao, P., Abu-Farsakh, H. N., Thonse, C., Ali, I., Upton, A. E., Baratikkae, S. Y., Carruthers, J. D. A., Mosahebi, A., Heidari, N., & Webb, W. R. (2024). Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical Specialties: Quality, Evaluation, Evidence, and Enforcement. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(15), 4571. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154571

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