Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Obese Patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with Atrial Fibrillation or Venous Thromboembolism: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Information Sources and Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.2.1. Population and Interventions
2.2.2. Outcomes
2.2.3. Study Design
2.2.4. Exclusion Criteria
- Case reports/case series, narrative reviews;
- Expert opinions, dissertations, protocols;
- Including animals and/or in vitro studies.
2.3. Selection Process
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Quality Assessments
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Selection Process and Study Characteristics
3.2. Efficacy Outcomes
3.3. Safety Outcomes
3.4. Subgroup Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, and Meta-Regression
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Outcome | Studies (N) | Participants (N) | RR with 95% CI | p-Value | Prediction Interval | I2 with 95% CI | Cochran’s Q p-Value | Egger’s Test p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Efficacy outcomes | ||||||||
Composite | 20 | 319,689 | 0.8 (0.65, 0.98) | 0.033 | (0.37, 1.74) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.742 |
All-cause mortality | 12 | 48,908 | 0.77 (0.49, 1.2) | 0.247 | (0.17, 3.46) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.633 |
Stroke or systemic embolism | 18 | 331,210 | 0.9 (0.71, 1.15) | 0.409 | (0.35, 2.35) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.562 |
Myocardial infarction | 3 | 34,910 | 0.82 (0.51, 1.32) | 0.413 | (0, 185.92) | 0.88 (0.65, 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.897 |
Ischemic stroke | 13 | 317,292 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.649 | (0.36, 2.48) | 0.93 (0.9, 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.454 |
Hemorrhagic stroke | 9 | 305,061 | 0.58 (0.38, 0.88) | 0.011 | (0.14, 2.49) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.136 |
Systemic embolism | 7 | 268,722 | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) | 0.113 | (0.47, 1.42) | 0.26 (0, 0.68) | 0.23 | 0.074 |
Venous thromboembolism | 20 | 110,160 | 0.8 (0.63, 1) | 0.052 | (0.33, 1.89) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.91) | <0.001 | 0.502 |
B. Safety outcomes | ||||||||
Major bleeding | 34 | 434,023 | 0.76 (0.63, 0.92) | 0.004 | (0.31, 1.89) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.524 |
Minor bleeding | 14 | 76,479 | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 0.257 | (0.48, 1.62) | 0.77 (0.62, 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.437 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 5 | 181,272 | 0.59 (0.49, 0.72) | <0.001 | (0.3, 1.16) | 0.88 (0.74, 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.491 |
Intracranial bleeding | 6 | 165,384 | 0.45 (0.33, 0.6) | <0.001 | (0.19, 1.05) | 0.52 (0, 0.82) | 0.08 | 0.202 |
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Karakasis, P.; Ktenopoulos, N.; Pamporis, K.; Sagris, M.; Soulaidopoulos, S.; Gerogianni, M.; Leontsinis, I.; Giannakoulas, G.; Tousoulis, D.; Fragakis, N.; et al. Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Obese Patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with Atrial Fibrillation or Venous Thromboembolism: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133784
Karakasis P, Ktenopoulos N, Pamporis K, Sagris M, Soulaidopoulos S, Gerogianni M, Leontsinis I, Giannakoulas G, Tousoulis D, Fragakis N, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Obese Patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with Atrial Fibrillation or Venous Thromboembolism: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(13):3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133784
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarakasis, Paschalis, Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, Konstantinos Pamporis, Marios Sagris, Stergios Soulaidopoulos, Maria Gerogianni, Ioannis Leontsinis, George Giannakoulas, Dimitris Tousoulis, Nikolaos Fragakis, and et al. 2024. "Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Obese Patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with Atrial Fibrillation or Venous Thromboembolism: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133784
APA StyleKarakasis, P., Ktenopoulos, N., Pamporis, K., Sagris, M., Soulaidopoulos, S., Gerogianni, M., Leontsinis, I., Giannakoulas, G., Tousoulis, D., Fragakis, N., & Tsioufis, K. (2024). Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Obese Patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with Atrial Fibrillation or Venous Thromboembolism: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(13), 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133784