Survival and Treatment Modalities in Primary Vaginal Melanoma—Case Report and a Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Risk of Bias and Literature Quality Evaluation
3. Results
3.1. Case Report
3.2. Systematic Review
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wohlmuth, C.; Wohlmuth-Wieser, I.; May, T.; Vicus, D.; Gien, L.T.; Laframboise, S. Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2020, 21, 285–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bai, S.; Wu, Q.; Song, L.; Wu, W. Treatment of primary vaginal malignant melanoma and review of previous literature: A case report. Medicine 2023, 102, e36128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dobrică, E.C.; Vâjâitu, C.; Condrat, C.E.; Crețoiu, D.; Popa, I.; Gaspar, B.S.; Suciu, N.; Crețoiu, S.M.; Varlas, V.N. Vulvar and Vaginal Melanomas-The Darker Shades of Gynecological Cancers. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 758. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kirschner, A.N.; Kidd, E.A.; DeWees, T.; Perkins, S.M. Treatment Approach and Outcomes of Vaginal Melanoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2013, 23, 1484–1489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vaysse, C.; Pautier, P.; Filleron, T.; Maisongrosse, V.; Rodier, J.F.; Lavoue, V.; Reyal, F.; Thomas, L.; de la Fouchardière, A.; Delannes, M. A large retrospective multicenter study of vaginal melanomas: Implications for new management. Melanoma Res. 2013, 23, 138–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Puri, S.; Asotra, S. Primary vaginal malignant melanoma: A rare entity with review of literature. J. Cancer Res. Ther. 2019, 15, 1392–1394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Page, M.J.; McKenzie, J.E.; Bossuyt, P.M.; Boutron, I.; Hoffmann, T.C.; Mulrow, C.D.; Shamseer, L.; Tetzlaff, J.M.; Akl, E.A.; Brennan, S.E.; et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021, 372, n71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schwartz, J. Primary Malignant-Melanoma of the Vagina—Case Presentation with Electron-Microscopic Findings. J. Gynecol. Surg. 1989, 5, 109–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moros, M.L.; Ferrer, F.P.; Mitchell, M.J.; Romeo, J.A.; Lacruz, R.L. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina. Poor response to radical surgery and adjuvant therapy. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2004, 113, 248–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gökaslan, H.; Sismanoglu, A.; Pekin, T.; Kaya, H.; Ceyhan, N. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina:: A case report and review of the current treatment options. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2005, 121, 243–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grenader, T.; Isacson, R.; Reinus, C.; Rosengarten, O.; Barenholz, O.; Hyman, J.; Gabizon, A.; Beller, U. Primary amelanotic melanoma of the vagina. Onkologie 2008, 31, 474–476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Albareda, J.; Olier, C.; Alemany, I. Primary melanoma of the vagina. A clinical case. J. Turk. Ger. Gynecol. Assoc. 2011, 12, 50–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kühn, F.; Dieterich, M.; Klar, E.; Gerber, B.; Prinz, C. Primary Malignant Vaginal Melanoma—Case Report and Review of the Literature. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2012, 72, 740–743. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Androutsopoulos, G.; Terzakis, E.; Ioannidou, G.; Tsamandas, A.; Decavalas, G. Vaginal primary malignant melanoma: A rare and aggressive tumor. Case Rep. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013, 2013, 137908. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chaudhuri, S.; Das, D.; Chowdhury, S.; Gupta, A.D. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina: A case report and review of literature. South Asian J. Cancer 2013, 2, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, L.F.; Xiong, Y.; Wang, H.; Liang, L.Z.; Shang, H.L.; Yan, X.J. Malignant melanoma of the vagina: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol. Lett. 2014, 8, 1585–1588. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rema, P.; Suchetha, S.; Ahmed, I. Primary Malignant Melanoma of Vagina Treated by Total Pelvic Exenteration. Indian J. Surg. 2016, 78, 65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chitrathara, K.; Subramanian, A.; Raj, S.; Sanam, P.; Kunheri, B. Primary Vaginal Malignant Melanoma with Urethral Involvement Managed by Bladder Preservation. Indian J. Gynecol. Oncol. 2017, 15, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kalampokas, E.; Kalampokas, T.; Damaskos, C. Primary Vaginal Melanoma, A Rare and Aggressive Entity. A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Vivo 2017, 31, 133–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, C.K.; Lin, H.; Su, C.F.; Kok, V.C. Primary Vaginal Melanoma with Rhabdoid Features: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2017, 36, 499–504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rapi, V.; Dogan, A.; Schultheis, B.; Hartmann, F.; Rezniczek, G.A.; Tempfer, C.B. Melanoma of the Vagina: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature. Anticancer Res. 2017, 37, 6911–6920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahn, H.Y.; Park, J.W.; Kim, J.S. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina in a postmenopausal woman. Australas. Med. J. 2018, 11, 87–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zabroug, S.; Lalya, I.; Nimubona, D.; Bouzid, N.; El Omrani, A.; Khouchani, M. Primary Mucosal Melanoma of the Vagina: About a Case Treated by External Beam Radiotherapy and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy. Indian J. Gynecol. Oncol. 2018, 16, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paravathaneni, M.; Edlukudige Keshava, V.; Baralo, B.; Thirumaran, R. Primary Vaginal Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2020, 12, e10536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tokumitsu, R.; Hirakawa, T.; Yano, M.; Kirakosyan, E.; Sato, S.; Nasu, K.; Narahara, H. A Case of Vaginal Malignant Melanoma Completely Resected by Radical Surgery. Am. J. Case Rep. 2020, 21, e927462-1–e927462-5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guo, N.; Zhang, J.W. Primary vaginal malignant melanoma A rare case report of successful treatment with nivolumab. Medicine 2021, 100, e25691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, P.; Ma, X.L.; Zhang, Y.F.; Song, Y.; Wang, Y.T.; Lu, Z. Primary vaginal malignant melanoma successfully treated with combination therapy: A case report. Oncol. Lett. 2022, 24, 430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sticca, G.; Misheva, B.; Sebajang, H.; Samouelian, V.; Jamal, R. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina: A case report. Gynecol. Oncol. Rep. 2023, 49, 101266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Trappen, P.; Lebbe, I.; De Cuypere, E.; Claes, N. Case report: A robotic-vaginal approach for total vaginectomy and hysterectomy with pelvic sentinel lymph node dissection in primary vaginal melanoma: A 10-step technique and literature review. Front. Surg. 2023, 10, 1189196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Levitan, Z.; Gordon, A.N.; Kaplan, A.L.; Kaufman, R.H. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Gynecol. Oncol. 1989, 33, 85–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borazjani, G.; Prem, K.A.; Okagaki, T.; Twiggs, L.B.; Adcock, L.L. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina: A clinicopathological analysis of 10 cases. Gynecol. Oncol. 1990, 37, 264–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Khoo, U.S.; Collins, R.J.; Ngan, H.Y. Malignant melanoma of the female genital tract. A report of nine cases in the Chinese of Hong Kong. Pathology 1991, 23, 312–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Van Nostrand, K.M.; Lucci, J.A., 3rd; Schell, M.; Berman, M.L.; Manetta, A.; DiSaia, P.J. Primary vaginal melanoma: Improved survival with radical pelvic surgery. Gynecol. Oncol. 1994, 55, 234–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Irvin, W.P.; Bliss, S.A.; Rice, L.W.; Taylor, P.T.; Andersen, W.A. Malignant melanoma of the vagina and locoregional control: Radical surgery revisited. Gynecol. Oncol. 1998, 71, 476–480. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, D.; Malpica, A.; Deavers, M.T.; Silva, E.G. Vaginal melanoma—A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 26 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2002, 26, 1450–1457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, D.; Neto, A.G.; Deavers, M.T.; Silva, E.G.; Malpica, A. Metastatic melanoma to the vagina: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases and literature review. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2003, 22, 136–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miner, T.J.; Delgado, R.; Zeisler, J.; Busam, K.; Alektiar, K.; Barakat, R.; Poynor, E. Primary vaginal melanoma: A critical analysis of therapy. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2004, 11, 34–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frumovitz, M.; Etchepareborda, M.; Sun, C.C.; Soliman, P.T.; Eifel, P.J.; Levenback, C.F.; Ramirez, P.T. Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010, 116, 1358–1365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Q.D.; Huang, H.; Wan, T.; Deng, T.; Liu, J.H. Clinical outcome of 31 patients with primary malignant melanoma of the vagina. J. Gynecol. Oncol. 2013, 24, 330–335. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xia, L.F.; Han, D.; Yang, W.T.; Li, J.; Chuang, L.; Wu, X.H. Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina A Retrospective Clinicopathologic Study of 44 Cases. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2014, 24, 149–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tasaka, R.; Fukuda, T.; Wada, T.; Kawanishi, M.; Imai, K.; Kasai, M.; Hashiguchi, Y.; Ichimura, T.; Yasui, T.; Sumi, T. A retrospective clinical analysis of 5 cases of vaginal melanoma. Mol. Clin. Oncol. 2017, 6, 373–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sinasac, S.E.; Petrella, T.M.; Rouzbahman, M.; Sade, S.; Ghazarian, D.; Vicus, D. Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: Surgical Management and Outcomes Based on a Clinicopathologic Review of 68 Cases. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 2019, 41, 762–771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shakeel, O.; Ullah, F.; Khalid, N.; Ali, S.I.; Batool, S.; Amjad, A.; Anwer, A.W.; Ali, H.; Zafar, H.; Syed, A.A. Malignant Melanoma of the Female Genital Tract: Experience of an Oncology Center in Pakistan. Cureus J. Med. Sci. 2020, 12, e8484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Khayyat, A.; Pour, M.A.E.; Mousavi, S.; Khalili-Toosi, A.R.; Amin, A. Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Genitourinary System: A Systemic Review and Report of Eight Cases. Cureus J. Med. Sci. 2022, 14, e30444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, H.; Wang, X.; Lian, B.; Si, L.; Gao, M.; Zheng, H.; Chi, Z.H.; Kong, Y.; Mao, L.L.; Bai, X.; et al. Surgical Outcomes of Vaginal or Cervical Melanoma. Front. Surg. 2022, 8, 771160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yazdanfard, N.W.; Mikkelsen, L.H.; Behrendt, N.; Fuglsang, K.; Blaakær, J.; Hölmich, L.R.; Froding, L.P.; Munch-Petersen, H.F.; Heegaard, S. Vaginal melanoma in Denmark from 1980 to 2018: A population-based study based on genetic profile and survival. Gynecol. Oncol. 2022, 165, 53–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ishiguro, A.; Ogata, D.; Okuma, K.; Kashihara, T.; Murakami, N.; Hiki, K.; Yamakawa, K.; Jinnai, S.; Takahashi, A.; Namikawa, K.; et al. Malignant melanoma treatment using brachytherapy: Two case reports and 15 case series. J. Dermatol. 2023, 50, 94–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wells, G.A.; Wells, G.; Shea, B.; Shea, B.; O’Connell, D.; Peterson, J.; Welch; Losos, M.; Tugwell, P.; Ga, S.W.; et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. 2014. Available online: https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp (accessed on 20 April 2024).
- McGuinness, L.A.; Higgins, J.P.T. Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Res. Synth. Methods 2020, 12, 55–61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- DiMarco, D.S.; DiMarco, C.S.; Zincke, H.; Webb, M.J.; Keeney, G.L.; Bass, S.; Lightner, D.J. Outcome of surgical treatment for primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra. J. Urol. 2004, 171, 765–767. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cobellis, L.; Calabrese, E.; Stefanon, B.; Raspagliesi, F. Malignant melanoma of the vagina. A report of 15 cases. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2000, 21, 295–297. [Google Scholar]
- Seetharamu, N.; Ott, P.A.; Pavlick, A.C. Mucosal melanomas: A case-based review of the literature. Oncologist 2010, 15, 772–781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jaramillo, B.A.; Ganjei, P.; Averette, H.E.; Sevin, B.U.; Lovecchio, J.L. Malignant melanoma of the vulva. Obstet. Gynecol. 1985, 66, 398–401. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Trimble, E.L.; Lewis, J.L., Jr.; Williams, L.L.; Curtin, J.P.; Chapman, D.; Woodruff, J.M.; Rubin, S.C.; Hoskins, W.J. Management of vulvar melanoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1992, 45, 254–258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cuccia, F.; D’Alessandro, S.; Blasi, L.; Chiantera, V.; Ferrera, G. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Vaginal Melanoma: A Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential Synergistic Role of Immunotherapy. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 1142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Y.; Chang, W.; Pu, D. Clinical analysis of 15 patients with primary malignant melanoma in the genital tract. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 1997, 32, 226–228. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Hodi, F.S.; Corless, C.L.; Giobbie-Hurder, A.; Fletcher, J.A.; Zhu, M.; Marino-Enriquez, A.; Friedlander, P.; Gonzalez, R.; Weber, J.S.; Gajewski, T.F.; et al. Imatinib for melanomas harboring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral, and chronically sun-damaged skin. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013, 31, 3182–3190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Topalian, S.L.; Sznol, M.; McDermott, D.F.; Kluger, H.M.; Carvajal, R.D.; Sharfman, W.H.; Brahmer, J.R.; Lawrence, D.P.; Atkins, M.B.; Powderly, J.D.; et al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 32, 1020–1030. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Robert, C.; Long, G.V.; Brady, B.; Dutriaux, C.; Maio, M.; Mortier, L.; Hassel, J.C.; Rutkowski, P.; McNeil, C.; Kalinka-Warzocha, E.; et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015, 372, 320–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Postow, M.A.; Luke, J.J.; Bluth, M.J.; Ramaiya, N.; Panageas, K.S.; Lawrence, D.P.; Ibrahim, N.; Flaherty, K.T.; Sullivan, R.J.; Ott, P.A.; et al. Ipilimumab for patients with advanced mucosal melanoma. Oncologist 2013, 18, 726–732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Del Vecchio, M.; Di Guardo, L.; Ascierto, P.A.; Grimaldi, A.M.; Sileni, V.C.; Pigozzo, J.; Ferraresi, V.; Nuzzo, C.; Rinaldi, G.; Testori, A.; et al. Efficacy and safety of ipilimumab 3mg/kg in patients with pretreated, metastatic, mucosal melanoma. Eur. J. Cancer 2014, 50, 121–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Larkin, J.; Chiarion-Sileni, V.; Gonzalez, R.; Grob, J.J.; Cowey, C.L.; Lao, C.D.; Schadendorf, D.; Dummer, R.; Smylie, M.; Rutkowski, P.; et al. Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015, 373, 23–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hodi, F.S.; Chesney, J.; Pavlick, A.C.; Robert, C.; Grossmann, K.F.; McDermott, D.F.; Linette, G.P.; Meyer, N.; Giguere, J.K.; Agarwala, S.S.; et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma: 2-year overall survival outcomes in a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016, 17, 1558–1568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wolchok, J.D.; Chiarion-Sileni, V.; Gonzalez, R.; Rutkowski, P.; Grob, J.J.; Cowey, C.L.; Lao, C.D.; Wagstaff, J.; Schadendorf, D.; Ferrucci, P.F.; et al. Overall Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017, 377, 1345–1356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Patients | Patients with histopathological confirmation of PVM 1. |
Interventions | Treatment with intention to treat regardless of its type. |
Comparison | Other modality of treatment or no treatment. |
Outcome | Overall survival, recurrence-free survival, follow-up outcomes. |
Study Design | Any study design. |
First Author | Year Published | Design | Number of Patients | Age (Years) | Primary Treatment (Number) | Adjuvant Therapy | Recurrence Rate (%) OS (Months) | Follow-Up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levitan Z et al. | 1989 | Case series | 4 | 68.25 (mean) | WLE (3), none (1) | ER (1) | 2 (50.0%) 103 mo, 2 mo, 5 mo, NR (1) | 3 DOD |
Borazjani G et al. | 1990 | Retrospective | 10 | 69.5 (mean) | Anterior exenteration (2), radical vulvectomy and partial vaginectomy (1), TAH-BSO (1), WLE (1), none (5) | ChTx (3), ER (7) | NR 14.9 mo | 8 DOD, 1 NED, 1 DOC |
Khoo U S et al. | 1991 | Retrospective | 4 | 64.5 (mean) | WLE (3), ER (1) | ER (3), ChTx (1) | 2 (50%) 16 mo., 2 mo., NR (2) | 2 DOD, 2 NED |
Van Nostrand K. M. et al. | 1994 | Case series | 8 | 64 (mean) | WLE (4), brachytherapy (2), total pelvic exenteration (1) | ER (2), none (5) | 1 (12.5%) 10 mo (mean WLE), 44 mo (mean ES), 23.25 (mean all) | 7 DOD, 1 NED |
Irvin W et al. | 1998 | Retrospective | 7 | 67.71 (mean) | WLE (4), brachytherapy (2), none (1) | ER (2), none (5) | 6 (85.7%) 21.3 mo | 6 DOD, 1 DOC |
Gupta D et al. | 2002 | Retrospective | 26 | 60 (mean) | WLE (10), anterior exenteration (7), hysterectomy with vaginectomy (3), vaginectomy (1), ER (2), ER + ChTx (1), NR (2) | ER (7), ChTx (3), ER + ChTx (7) | 5 (19.2%) 18.4 mo | 15 DOD |
Gupta D et al. | 2003 | Case series | 3 | 49 (mean) | WLE (1), ER (2) | ChTx (1) | 1 (33.3%) 48 mo, 3 mo, 14 mo | 1 DOD |
Miner TJ et al. | 2003 | Retrospective | 35 | 62 (median) | WLE (10), vaginectomy (2), ER (11), TAH-BSO (10), exenteration (2) | ER (16), interferon a-2b (7), vaccine (7) | 18 (51.4%) NR | NR |
Frumovitz M et al. | 2010 | Retrospective | 37 | 60.6 (median) | WLE (28), pelvic exenteration (4), ER, ChTx or mixed (5) | ER (20) | 33 (89.2%) 19.1 mo | 2 DOD, 1 DOC, 34 NR |
Huang Q et al. | 2013 | Retrospective | 31 | 58.0 (median) | ES (11), WLE (11), ChTx (7), none (2) | Immunotherapy (19) | 11 (35.5%) 20.1 mo | 23 DOD |
Xia L et al. | 2013 | Retrospective | 44 | 56.7 (median) | WLE (21), RE (20), ChTx (3) | ER, ChTx (24) | 30 (68.2%) 39.5 mo | 21 DOD |
Tasaka R et al. | 2016 | Retrospective | 5 | 78.0 (median) | WLE (5) | Interferon-B (3), DAVFeron therapy (1) | 5 (100.0%) 13.8 mo | 4 DOD |
Sinasac S et al. | 2019 | Retrospective | 18 | 67.0 (mean) | WLE (10), no surgery performed (3), NR (5) | IFN-α (2) | 14 (77.8%) 10.5 mo | 11 DOD |
Shakeel O et al. | 2020 | Retrospective | 9 | 53.1 (mean) | WLE (4), TAH-BSO (2), none (3) | ER (8), ER + ChTx (1) | 5 (55.6%) 25 mo | 13 DOD |
Wohlmuth C et al. | 2020 | Retrospective | 463 | 69.5 (mean) | WLE (109), RE (77), DS (3) NS (41), no surgery performed (218) NR (15) | 0 | NR 16 mo | 320 DOD, 143 NR |
Khayyat A et al. | 2022 | Case series | 4 | 81.25 (mean) | Palliative ER (2), ER (1), ChTx (1) | 0 | 4 (100.0%) NR | 3 DOD, 1 NR |
Tian H et al. | 2022 | Retrospective | 62 | NR | Nonradical resection (29), radical resection (33) | ChTx, interferon-α2β, immunotherapy (49) | 64 39.5 mo (mean ES), 25.4 mo (mean WLE) | 38 DOD or lost to FU |
Yazdanfard N et al. | 2022 | Retrospective | 52 | 73 (mean) | WLE (34) ES (4) ER (3), ER +IT (3), ER + ChTx (1), NR (7) | ER (3), ER + immunotherapy (3), ER + electrochemotherapy (1) | 33 (63.5%) 17.5 mo (median) | NR |
Ishiguro A et al. | 2023 | Case series | 6 | 67.5 (mean) | Brachytherapy (5), WLE (1) | ER (5), ER + immunotherapy (1) | 4 (66.7%) NR | NR |
First Author | Year Published | Age (Years) | Depth of Invasion (mm) | Primary Treatment | Adjuvant Therapy | Recurrence (Yes/No) OS (Months) | Follow-Up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schwartz J et al. | 1989 | 79 | NR | Local excision | ChTx | yes 37 months | DOD |
Moros M L et al. | 2004 | 40 | 13 mm | Radical hysterectomy and total vaginectomy | Immunotherapy, ER | yes 14 weeks | DOD |
Gökaslan H et al. | 2005 | 56 | 2 mm | Wide local excision | ChTx, immunotherapy | yes 16 months | DOD |
Grenader T et al. | 2008 | 31 | NR | Posterior pelvic exenteration | ChTx | NR NR | Lost to FU |
Albareda J et al. | 2011 | 63 | 9 mm | Local excision | Immunotherapy, palliative ChTx | yes NR | Alive but with disease at 1-year FU |
Kühn F et al. | 2012 | 44 | >3 mm | Multivisceral resection | ChTx, immunotherapy | yes 4 months | DOD |
Androutsopoulos G et al. | 2013 | 80 | 5 mm | Wide local excision | None specified | no NR | Alive at 5 months FU |
Chaudhuri S et al. | 2013 | 60 | NR | Wide local excision | ER, ChTx | no NR | Alive at 1-year FU |
Chen L F et al. | 2014 | 35 | NR | Radical surgery | Radiotherapy and immunotherapy | yes NR | Lost to FU |
Rema P et al. | 2016 | NR | NR | Total pelvic exenteration | ER | no NR | Alive at 1-year FU |
Chitrathara K et al. | 2017 | 38 | 10 mm | Total vaginectomy and urethrectomy | ER | no NR | Alive at 14 months FU |
Kalampokas E et al. | 2017 | 75 | 4.85 mm | Partial vaginectomy and lymphadenectomy | None | no NR | Alive at 1-year FU |
Lee C K et al. | 2017 | 62 | NR | Wide local excision | None | no NR | Alive at 6 months FU |
Rapi V et al. | 2017 | 72 | NR | Wide local excision and lymphadenectomy | None | no NR | Alive at 5 months FU |
Ahn, H Y et al. | 2018 | 80 | NR | Wide local excision and lymphadenectomy | None | no NR | Alive at 8 months FU |
Zabroug S et al. | 2018 | 31 | 4 mm | Partial colpectomy and lymphadenectomy | ER, brachytherapy | no NR | Alive at 1-year FU |
Puri S et al. | 2019 | 65 | NR | Biopsy | ER | no NR | Alive at 6 months FU |
Paravathaneni M et al. | 2020 | 56 | NR | Surgical excision | None | NR NR | Lost to FU |
Tokumitsu R et al. | 2020 | 56 | 2.5 mm | Total vaginectomy, lymphadenectomy, modified radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | None | no NR | Alive at 15 months FU |
Guo N et al. | 2021 | 58 | NR | Local excision, lymph node dissection | Immunotherapy | no NR | Alive at 6 months FU |
Yin P et al. | 2022 | 55 | NR | Radical vaginectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | Immunotherapy, ER | yes NR | Alive at 1-year FU |
Bai S et al. | 2023 | 56 | 13 mm | Wide local excision and sentinel node biopsy | ChTx | no NR | Alive at last FU |
Sticca G et al. | 2023 | 68 | 11.3 mm | Posterior exenteration | None | yes NR | Lost to FU |
Van Trappen P et al. | 2023 | 73 | 8 mm | Robotic total vaginectomy and hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy | None | no NR | Alive at 4 months after surgery |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Guzik, P.; Łukasiewicz, M.; Harpula, M.; Zając, P.; Żmuda, M.; Śniadecki, M.; Topolewski, P. Survival and Treatment Modalities in Primary Vaginal Melanoma—Case Report and a Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3771. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133771
Guzik P, Łukasiewicz M, Harpula M, Zając P, Żmuda M, Śniadecki M, Topolewski P. Survival and Treatment Modalities in Primary Vaginal Melanoma—Case Report and a Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(13):3771. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133771
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuzik, Paweł, Martyna Łukasiewicz, Magdalena Harpula, Paweł Zając, Marcin Żmuda, Marcin Śniadecki, and Paweł Topolewski. 2024. "Survival and Treatment Modalities in Primary Vaginal Melanoma—Case Report and a Narrative Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 13: 3771. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133771
APA StyleGuzik, P., Łukasiewicz, M., Harpula, M., Zając, P., Żmuda, M., Śniadecki, M., & Topolewski, P. (2024). Survival and Treatment Modalities in Primary Vaginal Melanoma—Case Report and a Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(13), 3771. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133771